Reverse development in Cnidaria
Abstract
Cnidarians have long been considered simple animals in spite of the variety of their complex life cycles and developmental patterns. Several cases of developmental conversion are known, leading to the formation of resting stages or to offspring proliferation. Besides their high regenerative and asexual-reproduction potential, a number of cnidarians can undergo ontogeny reversal, or reverse development: one or more stages in the life cycle can reactivate genetic programs specific to earlier stages, leading to back-transformation and morph rejuvenation. The switch is achieved by a variable combination of cellular processes, such as transdifferentiation, programmed cell death, and proliferation of interstitial cells. The potential for ontogeny reversal has limited ecological meaning and is probably just an extreme example of a more general strategy for withstanding unfavourable periods and allowing temporal persistence of species in the environment.
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The polyp and medusa stages can be reduced or completely absent in Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa.
“The polyp stage as well as the medusa stage can be reduced or completely absent in Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa (Boero and Bouillon, 1987;Bouillon and Boero, 2000;Piraino et al., 2004;Tardent, 1978).”
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- Authors
- Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Schmich, J., Bouillon, J., & Boero, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Salento (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Zoology
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2004-11-01
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1748-1754
- ISSN
- 0008-4301 (ISSN-L)
- 1480-3283
- OpenAlex
- W2087127173
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of Zoology (publishedVersion)
- AIRUS (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (9978131)
- European Commission
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Keywords
- Cnidaria, transdifferentiation, programmed cell death, back-transformation, resting stages, asexual reproduction, regeneration, life cycle, temporal persistence
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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