Cited by 244Interactive and Immersive DisplaysUsability and User Interface DesignData Visualization and Analytics

An empirical evaluation of graspable user interfaces: towards specialized, space-multiplexed input

Open access
Fitzmaurice, George W., Buxton, William·1997·Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems

Abstract

This paper reports on the experimental evaluation of a GraspableUser Interface that employs a "spacemultiplexing" input scheme in which each function to be controlled has a dedicated physical transducer, each occupying its own space.This input style contrasts the more traditional "time-multiplexing" input scheme which uses one device (such as the mouse) to control different functions at different points in time.A tracking experiment was conducted to compare a traditional GUI design with its time-multiplex input scheme versus a Graspable UI design having a space-multiplex input scheme.We found that the space-multiplex conditions out perform the time-multiplex conditions.In addition, we found that the use of specialized physical form factors for the input devices instead of generic form factors provide a performance advantage.We rugue that the specialized devices serve as both visual and tactile functional reminders of the associated tool assignment as well as facilitate manipulation due to the customized form factors.

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Crossref · 10.1145/258549.258578

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  • Bimanual interaction has been extensively studied by Guiard (1987) and Fitzmaurice and Buxton (1997), and guidelines can be drawn from their results.

    “Bimanual interaction has been studied extensively by Guiard (1987) and Fitzmaurice and Buxton (1997) and guidelines may be drawn from their results.”

    From Physical and Virtual Tools: Activity Theory Applied to the Design of Groupware (2002) · cites this paper as Fitzmaurice and Buxton (1997)

    The Experiment section describes a task designed for two-handed use, and the Discussion reports how participants used one or two hands with different devices. But the study primarily compares input-device configurations; it does not extensively investigate bimanual interaction or establish bimanual guidelines. The Related Work section instead says its design goals were guided by earlier research on two-handed interaction. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Fukuzaki, Y. (1993). Electronic pen according to the BTRON guideline and its background. Tronware, vol. 4,49-62, Japan: Personal Media publishers.
  2. Sachs, E., Roberts, A. and Stoops, D. (1990). 3- Draw: A tool for the conceptual design of three- dimensional shapes. CHI'90 Technical Video Program, ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review, Issue 55, No.
  3. Zhai, S. (1995). Human Performance in Six Degree Of Freedom Input Control, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto.

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Authors
Fitzmaurice, G. W., & Buxton, W.
Affiliations
University of Toronto (CA)
Venue
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Publisher
ACM
Published
1997-03-27
Pages
43-50
OpenAlex
W1975142584
Cited by
244
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
FWCI
3.62
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
  • OCAD University Open Research Repository (OCAD University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
University of Toronto
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Interactive and Immersive Displays
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Data Visualization and Analytics
Keywords
tracking performance, human-computer interaction, tactile feedback, visual feedback

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