A Survey of Learning Causality with Data: Problems and Methods
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This work considers the question of how convenient access to copious data impacts our ability to learn causal effects and relations. In what ways is learning causality in the era of big data different from—or the same as—the traditional one? To answer this question, this survey provides a comprehensive and structured review of both traditional and frontier methods in learning causality and relations along with the connections between causality and machine learning. This work points out on a case-by-case basis how big data facilitates, complicates, or motivates each approach.
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Recently, learning causality from observational data has attracted much attention [229].
“Recently, learning causality from observational data has attracted much attention [229].”
From Empowering things with intelligence: a survey of the progress, challenges, and opportunities in artificial intelligence of things (2021) · cites this paper as [229]
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Self-citationCounterfactual Explanations for Machine Learning: Challenges RevisitedPreprint
Verma, S., Dickerson, J. P., & Hines, K. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.07756 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The Causal-Neural Connection: Expressiveness, Learnability, and InferencePreprint
Xia, K., Lee, K.-Z., Bengio, Y., & Bareinboim, E. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2107.00793 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Conditional Causal Relationships between Emotions and Causes in Texts
Chen, X., Li, Q., & Wang, J. (2020) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.252 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Counterfactual Learning on Graphs: A Survey
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Self-citationFairness in Agreement With European Values
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Causal Fourier Analysis on Directed Acyclic Graphs and Posets
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Lv, F., Yang, B., Yu, S., Shi-lei, Z. O. U., Wang, X., Zhao, J., & Wen, C. (2025) · Computers & Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2025.109028 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Causal deep learning models for studying the Earth system
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A survey of deep causal models and their industrial applications
Li, Z., Zhu, Z., Guo, X., Zheng, S., Guo, Z., Qiang, S., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10886-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Data-Driven Allocation of Preventive Care with Application to Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Kraus, M., Feuerriegel, S., & Saar‐Tsechansky, M. (2023) · Manufacturing & Service Operations Management · doi:10.1287/msom.2021.0251 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Causality-driven Testing of Autonomous Driving Systems
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Huang, Y., Kleindeßner, M., Munishkin, A. A., Varshney, D., Guo, P., & Wang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Big Data · doi:10.3389/fdata.2021.642182 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Federated Learning of Generalized Linear Causal Networks
Ye, Q., Amini, A. A., & Zhou, Q. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2024.3381860 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
On the Estimation of Treatment Effect with Text Covariates
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The relevance of causation in robotics: A review, categorization, and analysis
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Liu, L., Lu, H. Y., Whelan, M., Chen, Y., & Ding, X. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3377128 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Instrumental Variables in Causal Inference and Machine Learning: A Survey
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Efficient Neural Causal Discovery without Acyclicity ConstraintsPreprint
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Mitigating Popularity Bias in Recommendation with Unbalanced Interactions: A Gradient Perspective
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Zhang, X., Deng, X., Cao, Y., & Xiao, L. (2024) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111404 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Liability Regimes in the Age of AI: a Use-Case Driven Analysis of the Burden of Proof
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Treatment Effect Estimation via Differentiated Confounder Balancing and Regression
Kuang, K., Cui, P., Li, B., Jiang, M., Wang, Y., Wu, F. Q., & Yang, S. (2019) · ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data · doi:10.1145/3365677 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
DAG-GAN: Causal Structure Learning with Generative Adversarial Nets
Gao, Y., Shen, L., & Xia, S. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414770 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Counterfactual Evaluation of Treatment Assignment Functions with Networked Observational Data
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Self-citationCausal inference in the medical domain: a survey
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Self-citationCausal reasoning in Software Quality Assurance: A systematic review
Giamattei, L., Guerriero, A., Pietrantuono, R., & Russo, S. (2024) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107599 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Causal Inference with Conditional Instruments Using Deep Generative Models
Cheng, D., Xu, Z., Li, J., Liu, L., Liu, J., & Le, T. D. (2023) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i6.25869 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Guo, R., Cheng, L., Li, J., Hahn, P. R., & Liu, H.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- ACM Computing Surveys
- Published
- 2020-07-22
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1-37
- ISSN
- 0360-0300 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7341
- OpenAlex
- W3121171074
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 21.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Computing Surveys (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Army Research Laboratory (NA)
- NSF (1909555)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and Algorithms
- Keywords
- causal discovery, causal inference, big data, causal effect estimation, causal relationship, data availability
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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