Cited by 49Non-Invasive Vital Sign MonitoringECG Monitoring and AnalysisWireless Body Area Networks

CardiacWave: A mmWave-based Scheme of Non-Contact and High-Definition Heart Activity Computing

Xu, Chenhan, Li, Huining, Li, Zhengxiong, Zhang, Hanbin, Rathore, Aditya Singh, Chen, Xingyu, Wang, Kun, Huang, Ming-chun +1 more·2021·Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

Abstract

Using wireless signals to monitor human vital signs, especially heartbeat information, has been intensively studied in the past decade. This non-contact sensing modality can drive various applications from cardiac health, sleep, and emotion management. Under the circumstance of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-contact heart monitoring receives increasingly market demands. However, existing wireless heart monitoring schemes can only detect limited heart activities, such as heart rate, fiducial points, and Seismocardiography (SCG)-like information. In this paper, we present CardiacWave to enable a non-contact high-definition heart monitoring. CardiacWave can provide a full spectrum of Electrocardiogram (ECG)-like heart activities, including the details of P-wave, T-wave, and QRS complex. Specifically, CardiacWave is built upon the Cardiac-mmWave scattering effect (CaSE), which is a variable frequency response of the cardiac electromagnetic field under the mmWave interrogation. The CardiacWave design consists of a noise-resistant sensing scheme to interrogate CaSE and a cardiac activity profiling module for extracting cardiac electrical activities from the interrogation response. Our experiments show that the CardiacWave-induced ECG measures have a high positive correlation with the heart activity ground truth (i.e., measurements from a medical-grade instrument). The timing difference of P-waves, T-waves, and QRS complex is 0.67%, 0.71%, and 0.49%, respectively, and a mean cardiac event difference is within a delay of 5.3 milliseconds. These results indicate that CaridacWave offers high-fidelity and integral heart clinical characteristics. Furthermore, we evaluate the CardiacWave system with participants under various conditions, including heart and breath rates, ages, and heart habits (e.g., tobacco use).

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Crossref · 10.1145/3478127

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Authors
Xu, C., Li, H., Li, Z., Zhang, H., Rathore, A. S., Chen, X., Wang, K., Huang, M.-C., & Xu, W.
Affiliations
  • University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Duke Kunshan University (CN)
Venue
Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies
Published
2021-09-09
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
1-26
ISSN
2474-9567 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3199516229
Cited by
49
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4
FWCI
2.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
Keywords
P wave, T wave, QRS complex, seismocardiography, vital signs monitoring, COVID-19 pandemic

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