The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Machine Learning for Refining Knowledge Graphs: A Survey
Abstract
Knowledge graph (KG) refinement refers to the process of filling in missing information, removing redundancies, and resolving inconsistencies in KGs. With the growing popularity of KG in various domains, many techniques involving machine learning have been applied, but there is no survey dedicated to machine learning-based KG refinement yet. Based on a novel framework following the KG refinement process, this article presents a survey of machine learning approaches to KG refinement according to the kind of operations in KG refinement, the training datasets, mode of learning, and process multiplicity. Furthermore, the survey aims to provide broad practical insights into the development of fully automated KG refinement.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Knowledge Graph Embedding by Translating on Hyperplanes
Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Feng, J., & Chen, Z. (2014) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v28i1.8870 · Cited by 3,915
Self-citationA Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition, and Applications
Ji, S., Pan, S., Cambria, E., Marttinen, P., & Yu, P. S. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3070843 · Cited by 2,947
Research works printed but not linked: 139
- 10.1016/j.jnca.2021.103076 · DOI
- 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2973928 · DOI
- Samur Araújo, Duc Tran, Arjen DeVries, Jan Hidders, and Daniel Schwabe. 2012. SERIMI: Class-based disambiguation for effective instance matching over heterogeneous web data. In Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on the Web and Databases 2012, Zachary G. Ives and Yannis Velegrakis (Eds.). 25–30. Retrieved from http://db.disi.unitn.eu/pages/WebDB2012/papers/p4.pdf
- Siddhant Arora. 2020. A survey on graph neural networks for knowledge graph completion. arxiv:2007.12374. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.12374 · arXiv
- Caleb Belth Xinyi Zheng Jilles Vreeken and Danai Koutra. 2020. What is normal what is strange and what is missing in a knowledge graph: Unified characterization via inductive summarization. Proceedings of the Web Conference (WWW’20) 1115–1126. DOI:10.1145/3366423.3380189 · DOI
- 10.1109/tpami.2013.50 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.5555/944919.944966 · DOI
- 10.1007/s00778-008-0098-x · DOI
- 10.1145/956750.956759 · DOI
- 10.1109/MIS.2009.102 · DOI
- 10.1007/s10994-013-5363-6 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.5555/2999792.2999923 · DOI
- Joan Bruna, Wojciech Zaremba, Arthur Szlam, and Yann LeCun. 2014. Spectral networks and locally connected networks on graphs. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Representations 2014, Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun (Eds.). http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6203 · arXiv
- 10.1145/2567948.2578999 · DOI
- 10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7519 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1145/3357384.3357879 · DOI
- 10.1109/access.2020.3030076 · DOI
- Rajarshi Das, Shehzaad Dhuliawala, Manzil Zaheer, Luke Vilnis, Ishan Durugkar, Akhsay Krishnamurthy, and Alexander J. Smola. 2018. Go for a walk and arrive at the answer: Reasoning over paths in knowledge bases using reinforcement learning.. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Representations. 18.
- 10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.427 · DOI
- 10.18653/v1/D18-1225 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.3233/SW-2011-0034 · DOI
- 10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11573 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1145/2623330.2623623 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1145/3097983.3098036 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-319-07443-6_20 · DOI
- 10.14778/3236187.3236198 · DOI
- 10.4018/jswis.2011070103 · DOI
- 10.1145/2488388.2488425 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-642-35176-1_5 · DOI
- 10.14778/2367502.2367564 · DOI
- 10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5815 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1145/2939672.2939754 · DOI · Paper page
- Lingbing Guo, Qingheng Zhang, Weiyi Ge, Wei Hu, and Yuzhong Qu. 2019. DSKG: A deep sequential model for knowledge graph completion. In Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing. Knowledge Computing and Language Understanding, Jun Zhao, Frank van Harmelen, Jie Tang, Xianpei Han, Quan Wang, and Xianyong Li (Eds.). Springer, 65–77.
- 10.1007/978-3-031-01588-5_2 · DOI
- 10.5555/3294771.3294869 · DOI
- Arman Hasanzadeh, Ehsan Hajiramezanali, Krishna Narayanan, Nick Duffield, Mingyuan Zhou, and Xiaoning Qian. 2019. Semi-implicit graph variational auto-encoders. In Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Article 961, 10712–10723 pages. Retrieved from https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2019/file/fd4771e85e1f916f239624486bff502d-Paper.pdf
- 10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.412 · DOI
- 10.1145/3366423.3380027 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00074 · DOI
- 10.3115/v1/p15-1067 · DOI
- 10.1609/aaai.v30i1.10089 · DOI
- 10.1145/3308558.3313586 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-030-12375-8 · DOI
- 10.1109/ICDM.2013.60 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-319-18818-8_24 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.websem.2015.07.002 · DOI
- Mayank A. Kejriwal, Knoblock Craig, and Pedro Szekely. 2021. Knowledge Graphs: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Applications. MIT Press, Cambridge.
- 10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.153 · DOI
- Thomas Kipf and Max Welling. 2016. Variational graph auto-encoders. arXiv: 1611.07308. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.07308 · arXiv
- 10.3233/SW-180316 · DOI
- Christian Kolthoff and Arnab Dutta. 2015. Semantic relation composition in large scale knowledge bases. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Linked Data for Information Extraction. Gentile, Anna Lisa, Aachen, 34–47.
- 10.1007/978-3-319-75420-8_1 · DOI
- Timothée Lacroix, Guillaume Obozinski, and Nicolas Usunier. 2020. Tensor decompositions for temporal knowledge base completion. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Representations. OpenReview.net. Retrieved from https://openreview.net/forum?id=rke2P1BFwS
- 10.1145/1871437.1871698 · DOI
- 10.1145/3184558.3191639 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s00521-019-04181-1 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-319-22849-5_5 · DOI
- 10.1109/ICDMW.2018.00135 · DOI
- 10.1364/OFC.2020.Th1F.5 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.ins.2022.06.023 · DOI
- Yankai Lin Xu Han Ruobing Xie Zhiyuan Liu and Maosong Sun. 2018. Knowledge representation learning: A quantitative review. arxiv:1812.10901. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.10901 · arXiv
- Yankai Lin, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun, Yang Liu, and Xuan Zhu. 2015. Learning entity and relation embeddings for knowledge graph completion. Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence 3, 1 (2015), 2181–2187.
- 10.5555/3305890.3305905 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-319-71249-9_43 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-662-45495-4_3 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.eswa.2019.113120 · DOI
- Tomas Mikolov, Ilya Sutskever, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean. 2013. Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems -. Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 3111–3119.
- 10.3115/1690219.1690287 · DOI
- 10.5555/541177 · DOI
- 10.1145/3183713.3196926 · DOI
- 10.1145/1935826.1935869 · DOI
- Annamalai Narayanan Mahinthan Chandramohan Rajasekar Venkatesan Lihui Chen Yang Liu and Shantanu Jaiswal. 2017. graph2vec: Learning distributed representations of graphs. arXiv: 1707.05005. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.05005 · arXiv
- 10.3233/SW-150210 · DOI
- 10.18653/v1/2020.textgraphs-1.1 · DOI
- 10.5555/3104482.3104584 · DOI
- 10.1145/2187836.2187874 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/978-3-642-30284-8_15 · DOI
- Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese, Aldo Gangemi, Valentina Presutti, and Paolo Ciancarini. 2012. Type inference through the analysis of Wikipedia links. In Proceedings of the World Wide Web 2012 Workshop on Linked Data on the Web. 1–9. Retrieved from http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-937/
- 10.1109/TKDE.2019.2941685 · DOI
- 10.1109/69.917563 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-642-38288-8_27 · DOI
- Heiko Paulheim. 2012. Browsing linked open data with auto complete. In Proceedings of the 10th Semantic Web Challenge 2012 at the 11th International Semantic Web Conference. 1–8.
- 10.3233/SW-160218 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/978-3-642-41335-3_32 · DOI
- 10.4018/ijswis.2014040104 · DOI
- 10.1145/2623330.2623732 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/978-3-642-41335-3_34 · DOI
- 10.1145/3159652.3159706 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-030-49461-2_16 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_38 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013060 · DOI · Paper page
- Yelong Shen, Jianshu Chen, Po-Sen Huang, Yuqing Guo, and Jianfeng Gao. 2018. M-Walk: Learning to walk over graphs using Monte Carlo tree search. In Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 6787–6798.
- 10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.131 · DOI
- Baoxu Shi and Tim Weninger. 2018. Open-world knowledge graph completion. In Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence , 1957–1964.
- 10.1109/ICSC.2013.22 · DOI
- Jennifer Sleeman, Tim Finin, and Anupam Joshi. 2015. Topic modeling for RDF graphs. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Linked Data for Information Extraction. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 48–62.
- 10.5555/2999611.2999715 · DOI
- 10.5555/2999611.2999715 · DOI
- 10.1145/2660517.2660532 · DOI
- Zhiqing Sun, Zhi Hong Deng, Jian Yun Nie, and Jian Tang. 2019. RotatE: Knowledge graph embedding by relational rotation in complex space. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Learning Representations.
- Richard S. Sutton and Andrew G. Barto. 2018. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. A Bradford Book, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- 10.1145/2736277.2741093 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1145/3383972.3384067 · DOI
- Rakshit Trivedi, Hanjun Dai, Yichen Wang, and Le Song. 2017. Know-Evolve: Deep temporal reasoning for dynamic knowledge graphs. In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning - Volume 70. JMLR.org, 3462–3471.
- Théo Trouillon, Johannes Welbl, Sebastian Riedel, Eric Gaussier, and Guillaume Bouchard. 2016. Complex embeddings for simple link prediction. In Proceedings of The 33rd International Conference on Machine Learning (Proceedings of Machine Learning Research), Maria Florina Balcan and Kilian Q. Weinberger (Eds.), Vol. 48. PMLR, 2071–2080. Retrieved from https://proceedings.mlr.press/v48/trouillon16.html
- Petar Veličković, Guillem Cucurull, Arantxa Casanova, Adriana Romero, Pietro Liò, and Yoshua Bengio. 2018. Graph attention networks. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR ’18). Retrieved from https://openreview.net/forum?id=rJXMpikCZ
- 10.24963/ijcai.2020/267 · DOI
- 10.1145/3442381.3450043 · DOI
- 10.1109/IJCNN52387.2021.9534355 · DOI
- 10.1145/3391298 · DOI
- 10.1145/2939672.2939753 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106421 · DOI
- 10.1109/TKDE.2017.2754499 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/BF00992698 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/SKG.2016.020 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-319-07443-6_34 · DOI
- 10.1080/10919392.2018.1517481 · DOI
- 10.1145/3404835.3462961 · DOI
- 10.1109/tai.2021.3076021 · DOI
- 10.18653/v1/p16-1219 · DOI
- Xiao Lin, Pero Subasic, and Hongfeng Yin. 2020. Rel4KC: A reinforcement learning agent for knowledge graph completion and validation. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE, 1291. Retrieved from http://www.cse.msu.edu/zhaoxi35/DRL4KDD/1.pdf
- 10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.333 · DOI
- 10.18653/v1/d17-1060 · DOI
- 10.1109/TKDE.2022.3150080 · DOI · Paper page
- Yexiang Xue, Yang Yuan, Zhitian Xu, and Ashish Sabharwal. 2018. Expanding holographic embeddings for knowledge completion. In Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, S. Bengio, H. Wallach, H. Larochelle, K. Grauman, N. Cesa-Bianchi, and R. Garnett (Eds.), Vol. 31. Curran Associates, Inc. Retrieved from https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2018/file/dd28e50635038e9cf3a648c2dd17ad0a-Paper.pdf
- 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977136 · DOI
- Bishan Yang, Wen-tau Yih, Xiaodong He, Jianfeng Gao, and Li Deng. 2015. Embedding entities and relations for learning and inference in knowledge bases. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun (Eds.). Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6575 · arXiv
- 10.1360/n112017-00145 · DOI
- Liang Yao Chengsheng Mao and Yuan Luo. 2019. KG-BERT: BERT for knowledge graph completion. arXiv: 1909.03193. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.03193 · arXiv
- 10.1109/tbdata.2018.2850013 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.24963/ijcai.2019/594 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103696 · DOI
- Yunan Zhang Xiang Cheng Heting Gao and ChengXiang Zhai. 2019. Cooperative reasoning on knowledge graph and corpus: A multi-agent reinforcement learning approach. arXiv:1912.02206. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.02206 · arXiv
- 10.1609/aaai.v34i03.5701 · DOI
- 10.1007/s10618-015-0430-1 · DOI
- 10.1145/3132847.3132939 · DOI
- 10.2200/S00196ED1V01Y200906AIM006 · DOI
- 10.18653/v1/d19-1268 · DOI
- 10.1088/1742-6596/1487/1/012016 · DOI
Metadata
- Authors
- Subagdja, B., Shanthoshigaa, D., Wang, Z., & Tan, A.-H.
- Venue
- ACM Computing Surveys
- Published
- 2024-02-23
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1-38
- ISSN
- 0360-0300
- 1557-7341
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
- Funders
- A*STAR under its Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Programmatic Grant (A19E2b0098)
- Jubilee Technology Fellowship awarded to Ah-Hwee Tan by Singapore Management University
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Machine Learning for Refining Knowledge Graphs: A Survey. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/3640313
- The paper
- Subagdja, B., Shanthoshigaa, D., Wang, Z., & Tan, A.-H. (2024). Machine Learning for Refining Knowledge Graphs: A Survey. ACM Computing Surveys. https://doi.org/10.1145/3640313