Structure and Regulation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule in biological systems. In mammals, the diatomic gas is critical to the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway as it functions as the primary activator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). NO is synthesized from l-arginine and oxygen (O 2 ) by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Once produced, NO rapidly diffuses across cell membranes and binds to the heme cofactor of sGC. sGC forms a stable complex with NO and carbon monoxide (CO), but not with O 2 . The binding of NO to sGC leads to significant increases in cGMP levels. The second messenger then directly modulates phosphodiesterases (PDEs), ion-gated channels, or cGMP-dependent protein kinases to regulate physiological functions, including vasodilation, platelet aggregation, and neurotransmission. Many studies are focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism of sGC activation and deactivation with a goal of therapeutic intervention in diseases involving the NO/cGMP-signaling pathway. This review summarizes the current understanding of sGC structure and regulation as well as recent developments in NO signaling.
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The effects of NO in the vasculature at nM/pM concentrations are mainly mediated through activation of the canonical NO receptor sGC.
“The effects of NO in the vasculature at concentrations in the nM/pM range (397) are mainly mediated through the activation of the canonical NO receptor sGC (223, 662, 711, 751).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [223]
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Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation
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Structure and Activation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase, the Nitric Oxide Sensor
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Reactive Oxygen-Related Diseases: Therapeutic Targets and Emerging Clinical Indications
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- Authors
- Derbyshire, E. R., & Marletta, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2012-07-07
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 533-559
- ISSN
- 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4509
- OpenAlex
- W2098789742
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM070671, GM077365, R01GM070671, R01GM077365)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Keywords
- soluble guanylate cyclase, nitric oxide signaling, cGMP pathway, heme cofactor, nitric oxide synthase, carbon monoxide, vasodilation, platelet aggregation, neurotransmission, phosphodiesterase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase
- MeSH terms
- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase, Animals, Cyclic GMP, Guanylate Cyclase, Humans, Isoenzymes, Nitric Oxide, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
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