Cited by 301Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsMitochondrial Function and PathologyEicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology

Central role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species in nitroglycerin tolerance and cross-tolerance

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Sydow, Karsten, Daiber, Andreas, Oelze, Matthias, Chen, Zhiqiang, August, Michael, Wendt, Maria, Ullrich, Volker, Mülsch, Alexander +4 more·2004·Journal of Clinical Investigation

Abstract

Recent studies suggest that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) plays a central role in the process of nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) biotransformation in vivo and that its inhibition accounts for mechanism-based tolerance in vitro. The extent to which ALDH-2 contributes to GTN tolerance (impaired relaxation to GTN) and cross-tolerance (impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation) in vivo remain to be elucidated. Rats were treated for three days with GTN. Infusions were accompanied by decreases in vascular ALDH-2 activity, GTN biotransformation, and cGMP-dependent kinase (cGK-I) activity. Further, whereas in control vessels, multiple inhibitors and substrates of ALDH-2 reduced both GTN-stimulation of cGKI and GTN-induced vasodilation, these agents had little effect on tolerant vessels. A state of functional tolerance (in the GTN/cGMP pathway) was recapitulated in cultured endothelial cells by knocking down mitochondrial DNA (ρ0 cells). In addition, GTN increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, and these increases were associated with impaired relaxation to acetylcholine. Finally, antioxidants/reductants decreased mitochondrial ROS production and restored ALDH-2 activity. These observations suggest that nitrate tolerance is mediated, at least in significant part, by inhibition of vascular ALDH-2 and that mitochondrial ROS contribute to this inhibition. Thus, GTN tolerance may be viewed as a metabolic syndrome characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction.

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Crossref · 10.1172/jci200419267

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Authors
Sydow, K., Daiber, A., Oelze, M., Chen, Z., August, M., Wendt, M., Ullrich, V., Mülsch, A., Schulz, E., Keaney, J. F., Stamler, J. S., & Münzel, T.
Affiliations
  • University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • University of Konstanz (DE)
  • Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
  • Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Münzel, Thomas
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Published
2004-02-01
Volume
113
Issue
3
Pages
482-489
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2172008520
Cited by
300
References
38
Citations by year
2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 18
FWCI
18.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
Keywords
nitroglycerin tolerance, nitrate tolerance, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species, endothelium-dependent relaxation, mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidants, acetylcholine-induced relaxation, vascular smooth muscle
MeSH terms
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Animals, Aorta, Drug Tolerance, Nitroglycerin, Cyclic GMP, Mitochondria, Myocardium, Vasodilator Agents, Rats, Wistar, Reactive Oxygen Species, Models, Animal, Rats

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