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Realizing the Mass Public Benefit of Evidence-Based Psychological Therapies: The IAPT Program
Open accessAbstract
Empirically supported psychological therapies have been developed for many mental health conditions. However, in most countries only a small proportion of the public benefit from these advances. The English Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) program aims to bridge the gap between research and practice by training over 10,500 new psychological therapists in empirically supported treatments and deploying them in new services for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Currently IAPT treats over 560,000 patients per year, obtains clinical outcome data on 98.5% of these individuals, and places this information in the public domain. Around 50% of patients treated in IAPT services recover, and two-thirds show worthwhile benefits. The clinical and economic arguments on which IAPT is based are presented, along with details of the service model, how the program was implemented, and recent findings about service organization. Limitations and future directions are outlined.
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“The successful wide-scale roll-out of low-intensity CBT in the UK through the Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) scheme has demonstrated effectiveness, as well as significant cost savings to the health system (Clark, 2018).”
From Unguided low intensity cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomised trial (2021) · cites this paper as Clark, 2018
In the citing paper
“Similarly, the observed rates of reliable deterioration are comparable to those observed in IAPT services for anxiety and depression as a whole (e.g. Clark 2018).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in Real-World Healthcare Services (2020) · cites this paper as Clark 2018
In the citing paper
“We used England as an exemplar, as it is currently one of the countries which has progressed furthest in terms of the formal implementation of MBCT in an integrated National Health Service (NHS), and providers routinely monitor the clinical outcomes of patients before and after treatment (Clark 2018).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in Real-World Healthcare Services (2020) · cites this paper as Clark 2018
In the citing paper
“In the present study, the effect on PHQ-9 symptoms was smaller compared to interventions offered in IAPT services overall for depression cases (1.4; Clark 2018).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in Real-World Healthcare Services (2020) · cites this paper as Clark 2018
In the citing paper
“However, 53% of our sample entered MBCT with acute depressive symptoms, and whilst acceptability and effectiveness were again encouraging, the effect size for outcomes, d = 0.86, whilst large, is smaller than for IAPT depression services as a whole (Clark 2018).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in Real-World Healthcare Services (2020) · cites this paper as Clark 2018
In the citing paper
“A national case series of suicides reveals that perinatal deaths of women from suicide are associated with depression that has not been actively treated with medication. 672”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [672]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Clark, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Clark, David M.
- ORCID
- Clark, David M.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2018-05-07
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-183
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- PMC
- PMC5942544
- OpenAlex
- W2784464703
- Cited by
- 492
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 7.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (200796/Z/16/Z, 069777)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- Improving Access to Psychological Therapies, depression treatment, anxiety disorders, access to mental health care, therapist training, research-practice gap, service organizations, public mental health services
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, England, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Mental Health Services, Psychotherapy, Program Development, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Evidence-Based Practice
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