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Cited by 348Criminal Justice and Corrections AnalysisCriminal Justice and PenologyEducation Discipline and Inequality

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 145 of the 146 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Collateral Consequences of Punishment: A Critical Review and Path Forward

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Kirk, David S., Wakefield, Sara·2018·Annual Review of Criminology
DOI 10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092045
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Abstract

The unprecedented growth of the penal system in the United States has motivated an expansive volume of research on the collateral consequences of punishment. In this review, we take stock of what is known about these collateral consequences, particularly in the domains of health, employment, housing, debt, civic involvement, families, and communities. Yet the full reckoning of the formal and informal consequences of mass incarceration and the tough-on-crime era is hindered by a set of thorny challenges that are both methodological and theoretical in nature. We examine these enduring challenges, which include (a) the importance of minimizing selection bias, (b) consideration of treatment heterogeneity, and (c) identification of causal mechanisms underlying collateral consequences. We conclude the review with a focused discussion on promising directions for future research, including insights into data infrastructure, opportunities for policy tests, and suggestions for expanding the field of inquiry.

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Metadata

Authors
Kirk, D. S., & Wakefield, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
ORCID
Venue
Annual Review of Criminology
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2018-01-13
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
171-194
ISSN
2572-4568 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092045
OpenAlex
W2118512134
Cited by
346
References
146
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 10
FWCI
5.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
Annual Review of Criminology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
  • Social Sciences › Education › Education Discipline and Inequality
Keywords
mass incarceration, employment effects, health effects, debt, citizen participation, family impact, community impact, selection bias, treatment effect heterogeneity, causal mechanisms, data infrastructure, criminal justice policy

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