Cited by 131Insect Resistance and GeneticsGenetically Modified Organisms ResearchInsect-Plant Interactions and Control

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Management of Insect Pests with Bt Crops in the United States

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Gassmann, Aaron J., Reisig, Dominic D.·2023·Annual Review of Entomology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-105502

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Abstract

Genetically engineered corn and cotton that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used to manage insect pests in the United States and elsewhere. In some cases, this has led to regional suppression of pest populations and pest eradication within the United States, and these outcomes were associated with reductions in conventional insecticides and increased profits for farmers. In other instances, pests evolved resistance to multiple Bt traits, compromising the capacity of Bt crops to manage pests and leading to increased feeding injury to crops in the field. Several aspects of pest biology and pest–crop interactions were associated with cases where pests remained susceptible versus instances where pests evolved resistance. The viability of future transgenic traits can be improved by learning from these past outcomes. In particular, efforts should be made to delay resistance by increasing the prevalence of refuges and using integrated pest management.

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Authors: Gassmann, A. J., & Reisig, D. D.
Affiliations: Iowa State University (US)
North Carolina State University (US)
ORCID: Gassmann, Aaron J.
Reisig, Dominic D.
Venue: Annual Review of Entomology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2023-01-23
Volume: 68
Issue: 1
Pages: 31-49
ISSN: 0066-4170 (ISSN-L)
1545-4487
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-105502
OpenAlex: W4297516574
Cited by: 130
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 25
FWCI: 2.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Annual Review of Entomology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Keywords: Bt crops, insect pest management, insecticide resistance, resistance management, refuge, integrated pest management, genetically modified crops, pest eradication, feeding injury, pest biology, United States
MeSH terms: Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacterial Proteins, Endotoxins, Hemolysin Proteins, Insecticide Resistance, Insecta, Moths, Pest Control, Biological, United States, Crops, Agricultural, Plants, Genetically Modified

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Management of Insect Pests with Bt Crops in the United States

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