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Lipocalin 2: An Emerging Player in Iron Homeostasis and Inflammation
Open accessAbstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), an innate immune protein, has emerged as a critical iron regulatory protein during physiological and inflammatory conditions. As a bacteriostatic factor, Lcn2 obstructs the siderophore iron-acquiring strategy of bacteria and thus inhibits bacterial growth. As part of host nutritional immunity, Lcn2 facilitates systemic, cellular, and mucosal hypoferremia during inflammation, in addition to stabilizing the siderophore-bound labile iron pool. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interaction between Lcn2 and iron, and its effects in various inflammatory diseases. Lcn2 exerts mostly a protective role in infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases, whereas both beneficial and detrimental functions have been documented in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, renal disorders, skin disorders, and cancer. Further animal and clinical studies are necessary to unveil the multifaceted roles of Lcn2 in iron dysregulation during inflammation and to explore its therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory diseases.
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“Lipocalin-2 sequesters the high affinity metal binding siderophore molecules released by pathogenic bacteria to prevent uptake (Xiao et al., 2017).”
From The Impact of Dietary Transition Metals on Host-Bacterial Interactions (2018) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2017
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“Infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages block bacterial iron acquisition in part by releasing the protein lipocalin-2 (Xiao et al., 2017).”
From The Impact of Dietary Transition Metals on Host-Bacterial Interactions (2018) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2017
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BindingDB Entry 50021299: Recent Advances on Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Lipocalin-like Proteins.
BindingDB (2025) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2x3533h
Metadata
- Authors
- Xiao, X., Yeoh, B. S., & Vijay-Kumar, M.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2017-08-21
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 103-130
- ISSN
- 0199-9885 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4312
- OpenAlex
- W2527347986
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 204
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK097865)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Keywords
- neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, iron homeostasis, inflammation, nutritional immunity, siderophores, hypoferremia, labile iron pool, bacteriostatic activity, inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, kidney disease, skin diseases, cancer, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Lipocalin-2, Animals, Bacteria, Homeostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Iron
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