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Cited by 2,593Team Dynamics and PerformanceJob Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorOrganizational Learning and Leadership

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychological Safety: The History, Renaissance, and Future of an Interpersonal Construct

Edmondson, Amy C., Lei, Zhike·2014·Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior
DOI 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091305
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Abstract

Psychological safety describes people’s perceptions of the consequences of taking interpersonal risks in a particular context such as a workplace. First explored by pioneering organizational scholars in the 1960s, psychological safety experienced a renaissance starting in the 1990s and continuing to the present. Organizational research has identified psychological safety as a critical factor in understanding phenomena such as voice, teamwork, team learning, and organizational learning. A growing body of conceptual and empirical work has focused on understanding the nature of psychological safety, identifying factors that contribute to it, and examining its implications for individuals, teams, and organizations. In this article, we review and integrate this literature and suggest directions for future research. We first briefly review the early history of psychological safety research and then examine contemporary research at the individual, group, and organizational levels of analysis. We assess what has been learned and discuss suggestions for future theoretical development and methodological approaches for organizational behavior research on this important interpersonal construct.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091305

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Gong Y, 2012, J. Manag., 38, 1611
  2. Schein EH, 1993, Sloan Manag. Rev., 34, 85
  3. Schein EH, 1965, Personal and Organizational Change Through Group Methods

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Metadata

Authors
Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • European School of Management and Technology (DE)
ORCID
Venue
Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2014-03-21
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
23-43
ISSN
  • 2327-0608 (ISSN-L)
  • 2327-0616
DOI
10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091305
OpenAlex
W2116544216
Semantic Scholar
39c1a2ff3ad746c8c9d4b630a60633ee2aeb4af2
Cited by
2,577
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 481 · 2025: 463 · 2024: 290 · 2023: 271 · 2022: 286 · 2021: 248 · 2020: 214 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 2
FWCI
7.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior (publishedVersion)
Funders
Harvard Business School
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Organizational Learning and Leadership
Keywords
psychological safety, interpersonal risk, workplace safety climate, voice, teamwork, team learning, organizational learning, organizational behavior theory, future research directions

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