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Role of Colonic Short-Chain Fatty Acid Transport in Diarrhea

Binder, Henry J.·2010·Annual Review of Physiology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135817

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Abstract

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the major anion in stool and are synthesized from nonabsorbed carbohydrate by the colonic microbiota. Nonabsorbed carbohydrate are not absorbed in the colon and induce an osmotically mediated diarrhea; in contrast, SCFA are absorbed by colonic epithelial cells and stimulate Na-dependent fluid absorption via a cyclic AMP–independent process involving apical membrane Na-H, SCFA-HCO 3, and Cl-SCFA exchanges. SCFA production represents an adaptive process to conserve calories, fluid, and electrolytes. Inhibition of SCFA synthesis by antibiotics and administration of PEG, a substance that is not metabolized by colonic microbiota, both result in diarrhea. In contrast, increased production of SCFA as a result of providing starch that is relatively resistant to amylase digestion [so-called resistant starch (RS)] to oral rehydration solution (RS-ORS) improves the efficacy of ORS and represents an important approach to improve the effectiveness of ORS in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children under five years of age.

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See all 315

Authors: Binder, H. J.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Binder, Henry J.
Venue: Annual Review of Physiology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2010-03-17
Volume: 72
Issue: 1
Pages: 297-313
ISSN: 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
1545-1585
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135817
OpenAlex: W2166520529
Cited by: 315
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 1.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
Keywords: short-chain fatty acids, osmotic diarrhea, colonic microbiota, resistant starch, oral rehydration solution, acute diarrhea in children, antibiotics, polyethylene glycol
MeSH terms: Cyclic AMP, Animals, Biological Transport, Active, Colon, Diarrhea, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Osmotic Pressure, Sodium, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers

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Role of Colonic Short-Chain Fatty Acid Transport in Diarrhea

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