Cited by 656Wound Healing and TreatmentsLiver physiology and pathologyImmune cells in cancer

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Mechanisms of Organ Injury and Repair by Macrophages

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Vannella, Kevin M., Wynn, Thomas A.·2017·Annual Review of Physiology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034356

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Abstract

Macrophages regulate tissue regeneration following injury. They can worsen tissue injury by producing reactive oxygen species and other toxic mediators that disrupt cell metabolism, induce apoptosis, and exacerbate ischemic injury. However, they also produce a variety of growth factors, such as IGF-1, VEGF-α, TGF-β, and Wnt proteins that regulate epithelial and endothelial cell proliferation, myofibroblast activation, stem and tissue progenitor cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. Proresolving macrophages in turn restore tissue homeostasis by functioning as anti-inflammatory cells, and macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinases regulate fibrin and collagen turnover. However, dysregulated macrophage function impairs wound healing and contributes to the development of fibrosis. Consequently, the mechanisms that regulate these different macrophage activation states have become active areas of research. In this review, we discuss the common and unique mechanisms by which macrophages instruct tissue repair in the liver, nervous system, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and intestine and illustrate how macrophages might be exploited therapeutically.

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1 retracted

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Retracted

Authors: Vannella, K. M., & Wynn, T. A.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Vannella, Kevin M.
Wynn, Thomas A.
Venue: Annual Review of Physiology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2017-02-10
Volume: 79
Issue: 1
Pages: 593-617
ISSN: 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
1545-1585
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034356
OpenAlex: W2467677013
Semantic Scholar: 00554bdce4ebdeef31bcb674e3634efc26188db4
Cited by: 656
References: 127
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 19
FWCI: 5.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Wound Healing and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords: macrophages, tissue repair, tissue regeneration, wound healing, macrophage polarization, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, growth factors, angiogenesis, myofibroblast activation, matrix metalloproteinases, fibrosis, liver, nervous system, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, intestine, anti-inflammatory macrophages
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Differentiation, Homeostasis, Humans, Macrophages, Regeneration, Wound Healing

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Mechanisms of Organ Injury and Repair by Macrophages

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