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Psychological Reasoning in Infancy
Open accessAbstract
Adults routinely make sense of others' actions by inferring the mental states that underlie these actions. Over the past two decades, developmental researchers have made significant advances in understanding the origins of this ability in infancy. This evidence indicates that when infants observe an agent act in a simple scene, they infer the agent's mental states and then use these mental states, together with a principle of rationality (and its corollaries of efficiency and consistency), to predict and interpret the agent's subsequent actions and to guide their own actions toward the agent. In this review, we first describe the initial demonstrations of infants' sensitivity to the efficiency and consistency principles. We then examine how infants identify novel entities as agents. Next, we summarize what is known about infants' ability to reason about agents' motivational, epistemic, and counterfactual states. Finally, we consider alternative interpretations of these findings and discuss the current controversy about the relation between implicit and explicit psychological reasoning.
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“Humans have areas devoted to emotional processing, and the brain seems to embody prior knowledge about the structure of emotional expressions and how they relate to causes in the world: emotions should have specific types of strong couplings to various other higher-level variables such as goal-satisfaction, should be expressed through the face, and so on (Phillips et al., 2002; Skerry and Spelke,”
From Toward an integration of deep learning and neuroscience (2016) · cites this paper as Baillargeon et al., 2016
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Metadata
- Authors
- Baillargeon, R., Scott, R. M., & Bian, L.
- Affiliations
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820; email: rbaillar@illinois.edu, linbian2@illinois.edu
- University of California, Merced (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Bian, Lin
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2016-01-04
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-186
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- OpenAlex
- W1939519994
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 187
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 15
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- infant cognition, theory of mind, mental state inference, rationality principle, efficiency principle, consistency principle, agent identification, counterfactual reasoning, epistemic states, motivational states, social cognition development
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Cognition, Concept Formation, Humans, Infant, Theory of Mind
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