Cited by 263Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentSocial Robot Interaction and HRIAction Observation and Synchronization

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Psychological Reasoning in Infancy

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Baillargeon, Renée, Scott, Rose M., Bian, Lin·2016·Annual Review of Psychology

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Abstract

Adults routinely make sense of others' actions by inferring the mental states that underlie these actions. Over the past two decades, developmental researchers have made significant advances in understanding the origins of this ability in infancy. This evidence indicates that when infants observe an agent act in a simple scene, they infer the agent's mental states and then use these mental states, together with a principle of rationality (and its corollaries of efficiency and consistency), to predict and interpret the agent's subsequent actions and to guide their own actions toward the agent. In this review, we first describe the initial demonstrations of infants' sensitivity to the efficiency and consistency principles. We then examine how infants identify novel entities as agents. Next, we summarize what is known about infants' ability to reason about agents' motivational, epistemic, and counterfactual states. Finally, we consider alternative interpretations of these findings and discuss the current controversy about the relation between implicit and explicit psychological reasoning.

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Authors: Baillargeon, R., Scott, R. M., & Bian, L.
Affiliations: 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820; email: rbaillar@illinois.edu, linbian2@illinois.edu
University of California, Merced (US)
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID: Bian, Lin
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2016-01-04
Volume: 67
Issue: 1
Pages: 159-186
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115033
OpenAlex: W1939519994
Cited by: 263
References: 187
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 15
FWCI: 4.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
escholarship.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Keywords: infant cognition, theory of mind, mental state inference, rationality principle, efficiency principle, consistency principle, agent identification, counterfactual reasoning, epistemic states, motivational states, social cognition development
MeSH terms: Child Development, Cognition, Concept Formation, Humans, Infant, Theory of Mind

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Psychological Reasoning in Infancy

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