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Test and Treat for Prediabetes: A Review of the Health Effects of Prediabetes and the Role of Screening and Prevention

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Chakkalakal, Rosette J., Galaviz, Karla I., Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Shah, Megha K., Narayan, K.M. Venkat·2024·Annual Review of Public Health
DOI 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-023417
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Abstract

The term prediabetes describes blood glucose levels above the normal range but below the threshold to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Several population health initiatives encourage a test and treat approach for prediabetes. In this approach, screening and identification of individuals with prediabetes should be followed by prompt referral to structured lifestyle modification programs or pharmacologic interventions that have been shown to prevent or delay the progression to type 2 diabetes in clinical trials. Here we provide a critical review of evidence for this test and treat approach by examining health outcomes associated with prediabetes and the availability and effectiveness of lifestyle modification approaches that target prediabetes. We also describe current limitations to the reach and uptake of evidence-based treatment options for prediabetes. Finally, we highlight lessons learned from identifying and labeling other preconditions to consider challenges and opportunities that may arise with increasing awareness of prediabetes as part of routine preventive care.

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Metadata

Authors
Chakkalakal, R. J., Galaviz, K. I., Thirunavukkarasu, S., Shah, M. K., & Narayan, K. M. V.
Affiliations
  • Emory University (US)
  • Indiana University Bloomington (US)
  • 2Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
ORCID
Venue
Annual Review of Public Health
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2024-05-20
Volume
45
Issue
1
Pages
151-167
ISSN
  • 0163-7525 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2093
DOI
10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060222-023417
OpenAlex
W4389879647
Cited by
35
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12
FWCI
1.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Annual Review of Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002378)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL125442, K01HL149479)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK120814, L30 DK110943, P30DK111024)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
prediabetes, test and treat, type 2 diabetes prevention, prediabetes screening, lifestyle modification, pharmacological interventions, health outcomes, treatment uptake, preconditions, preventive medicine
MeSH terms
Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Life Style, Mass Screening, Prediabetic State, Risk Reduction Behavior

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