Effect of regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation on long-term reduction in diabetes risk: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Open accessAbstract
Background Our objective was to quantify and predict diabetes risk reduction during the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS) in participants who returned to normal glucose regulation at least once during the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) compared with those who consistently met criteria for prediabetes.Methods DPPOS is an ongoing observational study of participants from the DPP randomised trial. For this analysis, diabetes cumulative incidence in DPPOS was calculated for participants with normal glucose regulation or prediabetes status during DPP with and without stratification by previous randomised treatment group. Cox proportional hazards modelling and generalised linear mixed models were used to quantify the effect of previous (DPP) glycaemic status on risk of later (DPPOS) diabetes and normal glucose regulation status, respectively, per SD in change. Included in this analysis were 1990 participants of DPPOS who had been randomly assigned to treatment groups during DPP (736 intensive lifestyle intervention, 647 metformin, 607 placebo). These studies are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00004992 (DPP) and NCT00038727 (DPPOS).Findings Diabetes risk during DPPOS was 56% lower for participants who had returned to normal glucose regulation versus those who consistently had prediabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 0·44, 95% CI 0·37-0·55, p<0·0001) and was unaffected by previous group assignment (interaction test for normal glucose regulation and lifestyle intervention, p=0·1722; normal glucose regulation and metformin, p=0·3304). Many, but not all, of the variables that increased diabetes risk were inversely associated with the chance of a participant reaching normal glucose regulation status in DPPOS. Specifically, previous achievement of normal glucose regulation (odds ratio [OR] 3·18, 95% CI 2·71-3·72, p<0·0001), increased β-cell function (OR 1·28; 95% CI 1·18-1·39, p<0·0001), and insulin sensitivity (OR 1·16, 95% CI 1·08-1·25, p<0·0001) were associated with normal glucose regulation in DPPOS, whereas the opposite was true for prediction of diabetes, with increased β-cell function (HR 0·80, 95% CI 0·71-0·89, p<0·0001) and insulin sensitivity (HR 0·83, 95% CI 0·74-0·94, p=0·0001) having a protective effect. Among participants who did not return to normal glucose regulation in DPP, those assigned to the intensive lifestyle intervention had a higher diabetes risk (HR 1·31, 95% CI 1·03-1·68, p=0·0304) and lower chance of normal glucose regulation (OR 0·59, 95% CI 0·42-0·82, p=0·0014) than did the placebo group in DPPOS.Interpretation We conclude that prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes, especially in patients who remain with prediabetes despite intensive lifestyle intervention. Reversion to normal glucose regulation, even if transient, is associated with a significantly reduced risk of future diabetes independent of previous treatment group.Funding US National Institutes of Health.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, returning from prediabetes to normal glucose levels, even briefly, was linked to a 56% lower risk of future diabetes over 5.7 years, regardless of whether the return was spontaneous or occurred with lifestyle or metformin treatment.
“The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study found that reversion from prediabetes to normoglycaemia during the randomised phase of the study, even if transient, was associated with a 56% reduced risk of future diabetes independent of whether the reversion occurred spontaneously or during lifestyle or metformin therapy during the 5.7 year follow-up.”
From Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development (2012) · cites this paper as [120]
In the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, people who stayed prediabetic despite intensive lifestyle treatment faced a greater diabetes risk than those given metformin or placebo.
“Those who remained prediabetic despite intensive lifestyle treatment had an even higher risk of developing diabetes than those on metformin or placebo treatment.120”
From Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development (2012) · cites this paper as [120]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011 · see citing works
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · see citing works
Pan, X.-R., Li, G.-W., Hu, Y.-H., Wang, J.-X., Yang, W.-Y., An, Z.-X., Hu, Z.-X., Juan-Lin, Xiao, J.-Z., Cao, H.-B., et al. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.4.537 · Cited by 4,320 · see citing works
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61457-4 · Cited by 3,020 · see citing works
Harris, M. I., Flegal, K. M., Cowie, C. C., Eberhardt, M. S., Goldstein, D. E., Little, R. R., Wiedmeyer, H.-M., & Byrd-Holt, D. D. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.4.518 · Cited by 2,703 · see citing works
Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial
Chiasson, J.-L., Josse, R. G., Gomis, R., Hanefeld, M., Karasik, A., & Laakso, M. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08905-5 · Cited by 2,543 · see citing works
Weyer, C., Bogardus, C., Mott, D. M., & Pratley, R. E. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci7231 · Cited by 1,940 · see citing works
XENical in the Prevention of Diabetes in Obese Subjects (XENDOS) Study
Torgerson, J. S., Hauptman, J., Boldrin, M. N., & Sjöström, L. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.1.155 · Cited by 1,915 · see citing works
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Mary, S., Mukesh, B., Bhaskar, A. D., Vijay, V., & Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP) (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0097-z · Cited by 1,881 · see citing works
Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Nathan, D. M., Davidson, M. B., DeFronzo, R. A., Heine, R. J., Henry, R. R., Pratley, R., & Zinman, B. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-9920 · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
Buchanan, T. A., Xiang, A. H., Peters, R. K., Kjos, S. L., Marroquin, A., Goico, J., Ochoa, C., Tan, S., Berkowitz, K., Hodis, H. N., et al. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.9.2796 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
Eriksson, K. F., & Lindg�rde, F. (1991) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00400196 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Overweight, Obesity, and Health Risk
National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.7.898 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Pioglitazone for Diabetes Prevention in Impaired Glucose Tolerance
DeFronzo, R. A., Tripathy, D., Schwenke, D. C., Banerji, M., Bray, G. A., Buchanan, T. A., Clement, S. C., Henry, R. R., Hodis, H. N., Kitabchi, A. E., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1010949 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
(1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.4.623 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Herman, W. H., Hoerger, T. J., Brandle, M., Hicks, K., Sorensen, S., Zhang, P., Hamman, R. F., Ackermann, R. T., Engelgau, M. M., Ratner, R. E., et al. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-5-200503010-00007 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Self-citation[The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes study].
Ayame, H. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Phillips, D. I. W., Clark, P. M., Hales, C. N., & Osmond, C. (1994) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00273.x · Cited by 631 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.4.888 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Utzschneider, K. M., Prigeon, R. L., Faulenbach, M. V., Tong, J., Carr, D. B., Boyko, E. J., Leonetti, D. L., McNeely, M. J., Fujimoto, W. Y., & Kahn, S. E. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1478 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citationPre-Diabetes and the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Ford, E. S., Zhao, G., & Li, C. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.060 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2404 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Ziegler, D., Rathmann, W., Dickhaus, T., Meisinger, C., Mielck, A., & for the KORA Study Group (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1796 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2007) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02043.x · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Meigs, J. B., Muller, D. C., Nathan, D. M., Blake, D. R., & Andres, R. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.6.1475 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Saito, T. (2011) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.275 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group [Prepared by Jill Crandall, D. S. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.10.1075 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Tataranni, P. A., & Ortega, E. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.4.917 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Regression from pre-diabetes to normal glucose regulation in the diabetes prevention program
Perreault, L., Kahn, S. E., Christophi, C. A., Knowler, W. C., Hamman, R. F., & the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0523 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationAdiponectin, Change in Adiponectin, and Progression to Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Mather, K. J., Funahashi, T., Matsuzawa, Y., Edelstein, S. L., Bray, G. A., Kahn, S. E., Crandall, J. P., Marcovina, S. M., Goldstein, B., Goldberg, R. B., et al. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1419 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationCheng, Y. J., Gregg, E. W., Geiss, L. S., Imperatore, G., Williams, D. E., Zhang, X., Albright, A. L., Cowie, C. C., Klein, R., & Saaddine, J. B. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0440 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Perreault, L., Ma, Y., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., Horton, E. S., Marrero, D. G., Crandall, J. P., Barrett-Connor, E. L., & Program, F. T. D. P. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-2390 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Venditti, E. M., Bray, G. A., Carrion-Petersen, M. L., Delahanty, L. M., Edelstein, S. L., Hamman, R. F., Hoskin, M. A., Knowler, W. C., & Ma., Y. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.134 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies to Identify Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
(2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.1.138 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Transient impaired glucose tolerance in Pima Indians: is it important?
Saad, M. F., Knowler, W. C., Pettitt, D. J., Nelson, R. G., & Bennett, P. H. (1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6661.1438 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Strategies to Identify Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Edelstein, S. L., Brancati, F. L., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Engelgau, M. M., Hamman, R. F., Knowler, W. C., & Metzger, B. E. (2005) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationde Vegt, F., Dekker, J. M., Jager, A., Hienkens, E., Kostense, P. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.16.2109 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004 · Cited by 4,836 · see citing works
Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development
Tabák, A. G., Herder, C., Rathmann, W., Brunner, E. J., & Kivimäki, M. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60283-9 · Cited by 2,958 · see citing works
Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future
Kahn, S. E., Cooper, M. E., & Del Prato, S. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62154-6 · Cited by 1,743 · see citing works
Self-citationle Roux, C. W., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Lau, D. C. W., Van Gaal, L., Ortiz, R. V., Wilding, J. P. H., Skjøth, T. V., Manning, L. S., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30069-7 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural history, and prognosis
Skyler, J. S., Bakris, G. L., Bonifacio, E., Darsow, T., Eckel, R. H., Groop, L., Groop, P.-H., Handelsman, Y., Insel, R. A., Mathieu, C., et al. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-0806 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes
Gregg, E. W., Chen, H., Wagenknecht, L. E., Clark, J. M., Delahanty, L. M., Bantle, J., Pownall, H. J., Johnson, K. C., Safford, M. M., Kitabchi, A. E., et al. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.67929 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention
Jastreboff, A. M., le Roux, C. W., Stefanski, A., Aronne, L. J., Halpern, B., Wharton, S., Wilding, J. P. H., Perreault, L., Zhang, S., Battula, R., et al. (2025) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2410819 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citationBalk, E. M., Earley, A., Raman, G., Avendano, E. A., Pittas, A. G., & Remington, P. L. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-0452 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Prediabetes and Lifestyle Modification: Time to Prevent a Preventable Disease
Tuso, P. (2014) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/14-002 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Phenotypes of prediabetes and stratification of cardiometabolic risk
Stefan, N., Fritsche, A., Schick, F., & Häring, H.-U. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)00082-6 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Interventions for Reversing Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Galaviz, K. I., Weber, M. B., Suvada, K., Gujral, U. P., Wei, J., Merchant, R., Dharanendra, S., Haw, J. S., Narayan, K. M. V., & Ali, M. K. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.020 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Fujioka, K., O'Neil, P. M., Davies, M., Greenway, F., C.W. Lau, D., Claudius, B., Skjøth, T. V., Bjørn Jensen, C., & P.H. Wilding, J. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21629 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Perreault, L., Temprosa, M., Mather, K. J., Horton, E., Kitabchi, A., Larkin, M., Montez, M. G., Thayer, D., Orchard, T. J., Hamman, R. F., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0656 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationSandforth, A., von Schwartzenberg, R. J., Arreola, E. V., Hanson, R. L., Sancar, G., Katzenstein, S., Lange, K., Preißl, H., Dreher, S. I., Weigert, C., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00235-8 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Hsueh, W., McLellan, K., Wyne, K., & Villagomez, E. (2014) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s39564 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Horáková, D., Štěpánek, L., Janout, V., Janoutová, J., Pastucha, D., Kollárová, H., Petráková, A., Štěpánek, L., Husár, R., & Martiník, K. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55050158 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Malin, S. K., Haus, J. M., Solomon, T. P. J., Blaszczak, A., Kashyap, S. R., & Kirwan, J. P. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00441.2013 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Gregg, E. W., Chen, H., Bancks, M. P., Manalac, R., Maruthur, N., Munshi, M., Wing, R., & for the Look AHEAD Research Group (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-06048-6 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Stentz, F. B., Brewer, A., Wan, J., Garber, C., Daniels, B., Sands, C., & Kitabchi, A. E. (2016) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000258 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Dental findings and identification of undiagnosed hyperglycemia
Lalla, E., Cheng, B., Kunzel, C., Burkett, S., & Lamster, I. B. (2013) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034513502791 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Madsen, K. S., Chi, Y., Metzendorf, M.-I., Richter, B., & Hemmingsen, B. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008558.pub2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Zhang, F., Tong, Y., Su, N., Li, Y., Tang, L., Huang, L., & Tong, N. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12198 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Perreault, L., Pan, Q., Aroda, V. R., Barrett-Connor, E., Dabelea, D., Dagogo-Jack, S., Hamman, R. F., Kahn, S. E., Mather, K. J., Knowler, W. C., et al. (2017) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13453 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMcLeod, M., Stanley, J., Signal, V., Stairmand, J., Thompson, D., Henderson, K., Davies, C., Krebs, J., Dowell, A., Grainger, R., et al. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05261-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Focused on Normalization of Glycemia: A Two-Year Pilot Study
McKenzie, A. L., Athinarayanan, S. J., McCue, J. J., Adams, R. N., Keyes, M., McCarter, J. P., Volek, J. S., Phinney, S. D., & Hallberg, S. J. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030749 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mensa-Wilmot, Y., Bowen, S.-A., Rutledge, S., Morgan, J. M., Bonner, T., Farris, K., Blacher, R., & Rutledge, G. (2017) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd14.170478 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cha, E., Kim, K. H., Umpierrez, G., Dawkins, C. R., Bello, M. K., Lerner, H. M., Narayan, K. M. V., & Dunbar, S. B. (2014) · The Diabetes Educator · doi:10.1177/0145721714539736 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Davidson, P., Ross, T., & Castor, C. (2018) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.03.007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Crandall, J. P., Dabelea, D., Knowler, W. C., Nathan, D. M., Temprosa, M., DPP Research Group, Bray, G. A., Gadde, K. M., Culbert, I. W., Arceneaux, J., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-0014 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationDavy, B. M., Winett, R. A., Savla, J., Marinik, E. L., Baugh, M. E., Flack, K. D., Halliday, T. M., Kelleher, S. A., Winett, S. G., Williams, D. M., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172610 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Treatment of type 2 diabetes, lifestyle, GLP1 agonists and DPP4 inhibitors
Tomkin, G. H. (2014) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v5.i5.636 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Nesto, R., Fain, R., Li, Y., & Shanahan, W. (2016) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2016.1178590 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Dobbie, L. J., Coelho, C., Mgaieth, F., Chauhan, K., Campbell, S., Shuriye, S., Hollington, J., Appleton, S., Sen Gupta, P., Duncan, A., et al. (2024) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12649 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Perreault, L., Pan, Q., Mather, K. J., Watson, K. E., Hamman, R. F., & Kahn, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Colorado School of Public Health (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 379
- Issue
- 9833
- Pages
- 2243-2251
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC3555407
- OpenAlex
- W2153700877
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 33.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK048375, U01DK048406, 5U01-DK-048375-12, P30DK079637, U01DK048489, P30DK017047)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- National Center for Research Resources
- Office of Research on Women's Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- prediabetes, diabetes prevention, Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, Diabetes Prevention Program, lifestyle intervention, metformin, beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Prediabetic State, Remission Induction, Weight Loss
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
