Effects of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of type 2 diabetes in patients with prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND While observational studies have shown an association between vitamin D insufficiency and diabetes, it is unclear whether intervention with vitamin D supplements can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PURPOSE To assess whether vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of T2DM in people with prediabetes. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to 5 July 2019. STUDY SELECTION We included randomized controlled trials assessing vitamin D supplementation versus placebo in relation to new-onset T2DM in people with prediabetes. DATA EXTRACTION We screened studies and extracted data from published trials independently. DATA SYNTHESIS We identified eight eligible trials with a total of 4,896 subjects. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the risk of T2DM (risk ratio [RR] 0.89 [95% CI 0.80–0.99]; I2 = 0%). Benefit was found in nonobese subjects (RR 0.73 [95% CI 0.57–0.92]) but not in obese subjects (RR 0.95 [95% CI 0.84–1.08]) (Pinteraction = 0.048). The reversion of prediabetes to normoglycemia occurred in 116 of 548 (21.2%) participants in the vitamin D group and 75 of 532 (14.1%) in the control group. Vitamin D supplementation increased reversion rate of prediabetes to normoglycemia (RR 1.48 [95% CI 1.14–1.92]; I2 = 0%.) LIMITATIONS Definitions of prediabetes and new-onset diabetes in eligible studies were different, and long-term data on outcomes of T2DM prevention were lacking. CONCLUSIONS In persons with prediabetes, vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of T2DM and increases the reversion rate of prediabetes to normoglycemia. The benefit of the prevention of T2DM could be limited to nonobese subjects. Individual participant data meta-analyses are needed to confirm these findings.
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Post hoc analyses and meta-analyses suggest a potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation in specific populations.
“Although the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes Study (D2d) prospective RCT showed no significant benefit of vitamin D versus placebo on the progression to type 2 diabetes in individuals at high risk (223), post hoc analyses and metaanalyses suggest a potential benefit in specific populations (223)(224)(225)(226).”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:<i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023</i> (2023) · cites this paper as [225]
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- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Tan, H., Tang, J., Li, J., Chong, W., Hai, Y., Feng, Y., Lunsford, L. D., Xu, P., Jia, D., & Fang, F.
- Affiliations
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CN)
- Thomas Jefferson University (US)
- Chengdu University (CN)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fang, Fang
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2020-06-11
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1650-1658
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W3036847848
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- vitamin D supplementation, type 2 diabetes prevention, prediabetes, obesity, vitamin D insufficiency
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prediabetic State, Vitamin D, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Young Adult
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