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The MMR Vaccine and Autism
Open accessAbstract
Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges. A report published in 1998, but subsequently retracted by the journal, suggested that measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism. However, autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that has a strong genetic component with genesis before one year of age, when MMR vaccine is typically administered. Several epidemiologic studies have not found an association between MMR vaccination and autism, including a study that found that MMR vaccine was not associated with an increased risk of autism even among high-risk children whose older siblings had autism. Despite strong evidence of its safety, some parents are still hesitant to accept MMR vaccination of their children. Decreasing acceptance of MMR vaccination has led to outbreaks or resurgence of measles. Health-care providers have a vital role in maintaining confidence in vaccination and preventing suffering, disability, and death from measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases.
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“Despite widespread misleading reporting about links between the measles–mumps–rubella vaccine and autism from the end of the 1990s, there is no evidence that any vaccines or their components cause autism101,102.”
From A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, the evidence now overwhelmingly shows that there is no increased risk of autism in vaccinated populations.”
From A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
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3 retracted
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Metadata
- Authors
- DeStefano, F., & Shimabukuro, T. T.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- ORCID
- Shimabukuro, Tom T.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Virology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2019-09-29
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 585-600
- ISSN
- 2327-056X (ISSN-L)
- 2327-0578
- PMC
- PMC6768751
- OpenAlex
- W2937418321
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Keywords
- MMR vaccine, autism spectrum disorder, measles, mumps, rubella, vaccine safety, autism risk, measles outbreak, measles resurgence, vaccine hesitancy, parental vaccine acceptance, genetic etiology of autism, measles vaccination
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Humans, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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