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Cited by 135Vaccine Coverage and HesitancyAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding Issues

Age at first measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in children with autism and school-matched control subjects: a population-based study in metropolitan Atlanta

DeStefano, Frank, Bhasin, Tanya Karapurkar, Thompson, William W., Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn, Boyle, Coleen·2004·PEDIATRICS
DOI 10.1542/peds.113.2.259
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare ages at first measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination between children with autism and children who did not have autism in the total population and in selected subgroups, including children with regression in development. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in metropolitan Atlanta. Case children (N = 624) were identified from multiple sources and matched to control children (N = 1824) on age, gender, and school. Vaccination data were abstracted from immunization forms required for school entry. Records of children who were born in Georgia were linked to Georgia birth certificates for information on maternal and birth factors. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: The overall distribution of ages at MMR vaccination among children with autism was similar to that of matched control children; most case (70.5%) and control children (67.5%) were vaccinated between 12 and 17 months of age. Similar proportions of case and control children had been vaccinated before 18 or before 24 months. No significant associations for either of these age cutoffs were found for specific case subgroups, including those with evidence of developmental regression. More case (93.4%) than control children (90.6%) were vaccinated before 36 months (OR: 1.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.14 in the total sample; OR: 1.23; 95% confidence interval: 0.64-2.36 in the birth certificate sample). This association was strongest in the 3- to 5-year age group. CONCLUSIONS: Similar proportions of case and control children were vaccinated by the recommended age or shortly after (ie, before 18 months) and before the age by which atypical development is usually recognized in children with autism (ie, 24 months). Vaccination before 36 months was more common among case children than control children, especially among children 3 to 5 years of age, likely reflecting immunization requirements for enrollment in early intervention programs.

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Crossref · 10.1542/peds.113.2.259

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47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • DeStefano 2004 concluded that there was no significant difference between cases and controls in the age at first MMR vaccination up to 18 months (adjusted OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.38).

    “The authors concluded that there was no significant difference between cases and controls in the age at first vaccination up to 18 months (adjusted OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.38)”

    From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as DeStefano 2004

  • DeStefano 2004 concluded that there was no significant difference between cases and controls in the age at first MMR vaccination up to 24 months (adjusted OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.67).

    “and 24 months (adjusted OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.67)”

    From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as DeStefano 2004

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Related

Authors
DeStefano, F., Bhasin, T. K., Thompson, W. W., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., & Boyle, C.
Affiliations
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
  • Battelle (US)
  • National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
ORCID
Thompson, William W.
Venue
PEDIATRICS
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2004-02-01
Volume
113
Issue
2
Pages
259-266
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.113.2.259
OpenAlex
W2169567320
Cited by
135
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI
11.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords
MMR vaccine, autism spectrum disorder, age at vaccination, childhood immunization, developmental regression, early intervention programs, school immunization requirements
MeSH terms
Autistic Disorder, Birth Weight, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Female, Georgia, Humans, Infant, Male, Intellectual Disability, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Vaccination, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Age Distribution, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Racial Groups

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