Cited by 452Statistical Methods and Bayesian InferenceSpatial and Panel Data AnalysisAgriculture, Soil, Plant Science

Advances in Analysis of Longitudinal Data

Open access
Gibbons, Robert D., Hedeker, Donald, DuToit, Stephen·2010·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

Abstract

In this review, we explore recent developments in the area of linear and nonlinear generalized mixed-effects regression models and various alternatives, including generalized estimating equations for analysis of longitudinal data. Methods are described for continuous and normally distributed as well as categorical (binary, ordinal, nominal) and count (Poisson) variables. Extensions of the model to three and four levels of clustering, multivariate outcomes, and incorporation of design weights are also described. Linear and nonlinear models are illustrated using an example involving a study of the relationship between mood and smoking.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153550

Cites

83 of 83 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Mixed models will be used to accommodate missing data by randomly deleting missing observations without dropping participants.

    “To accommodate missing data, mixed models, which involve randomly deleting missing observations without dropping participants, will be used where appropriate in conducting primary analyses [70].”

    From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy preceded by an experimental Attention Bias Modification procedure in recurrent depression: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [70]

    The Mixed-Effects Regression Models section says these models use all available data from each subject and are robust to missing observations, supporting analysis without dropping participants who have incomplete records. It does not describe randomly deleting observations; it says missing data are ignorable when missing responses can be explained by model covariates or the subject’s available responses. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Gibbons RD 1981 Trend in correlated proportions PhD thesis Univ. Chicago
  2. Hedeker D 1989 Random regression models with autocorrelated errors PhD thesis Univ. Chicago

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gibbons, R. D., Hedeker, D., & DuToit, S.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
Published
2010-03-01
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
79-107
ISSN
  • 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
  • 1548-5951
OpenAlex
W2113413884
Cited by
452
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
FWCI
1.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (n44mh32056-10-0-1)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH8012201, N44 MH032056, R01MH080122)
  • National Cancer Institute (P01CA098262, 5P01CA98262)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
Keywords
longitudinal analysis, nonlinear mixed-effects models, generalized estimating equations, categorical outcomes, count data, Poisson regression, multilevel models, multivariate outcomes, design weights
MeSH terms
Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Psychological, Psychology, Clinical

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review