Dissociative Disorders
Abstract
The dissociative disorders, including "psychogenic" or "functional" amnesia, fugue, dissociative identity disorder (DID, also known as multiple personality disorder), and depersonalization disorder, were once classified, along with conversion disorder, as forms of hysteria. The 1970s witnessed an "epidemic" of dissociative disorder, particularly DID, which may have reflected enthusiasm for the diagnosis more than its actual prevalence. Traditionally, the dissociative disorders have been attributed to trauma and other psychological stress, but the existing evidence favoring this hypothesis is plagued by poor methodology. Prospective studies of traumatized individuals reveal no convincing cases of amnesia not attributable to brain insult, injury, or disease. Treatment generally involves recovering and working through ostensibly repressed or dissociated memories of trauma; at present, there are few quantitative or controlled outcome studies. Experimental studies are few in number and have focused largely on state-dependent and implicit memory. Depersonalization disorder may be in line for the next "epidemic" of dissociation.
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“…and one of great practical importance, is whether memories of childhood abuse can be forgotten and recovered during psychotherapy: the so-called ‘‘memory wars’’ (e.g., Baker, 1998; Brandon, Boakes, Glaser, & Green 1998; Conway, 1997; Kihlstrom, 2005; Loftus & Davis, 2006; Lynn & McConkey, 1998).”
- Authors
- Kihlstrom, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kihlstrom, John F.
- ORCID
- Kihlstrom, John F.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2005-04-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 227-253
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- OpenAlex
- W4212764853
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- dissociative disorders, dissociative identity disorder, psychogenic amnesia, fugue, depersonalization disorder, conversion disorder, hysteria, trauma, repressed memories, memory recovery, state-dependent memory, implicit memory, treatment outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Dissociative Disorders, Humans
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