Multiple Personality as a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Abstract
This article examines multiple or dissociative personality syndrome as a multiple post-traumatic stress disorder, discussing these patient's developmental histories, their high hypnotizability, and their profound capacity to dissociate spontaneously to protect themselves from emotional and physical pain.
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Many clinicians regard DID as a complex manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder.
“On this basis, many clinicians regard DID as a complex manifestation of post -traumatic stress disorder (Spiegel, 1984).”
From Examining the linguistic and behavioural patterns of gender identity in women with dissociative identity disorder (2025) · cites this paper as Spiegel, 1984
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- Authors
- Spiegel, D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spiegel, David
- ORCID
- Spiegel, David
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1984-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-110
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1725134643
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- dissociative identity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation, hypnotic susceptibility, developmental history, trauma
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Diseases in Twins, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Hypnosis, Male, Dissociative Identity Disorder, Psychotherapy, Rape, Regression, Psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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