Autobiographical memory across personalities in dissociative identity disorder: a case report
Abstract
A core feature of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is the amnesia that exists between personalities. This study investigated autobiographical memory in a patient, HS, prior to and after her diagnosis with DID. This diagnosis was associated with increased recall of traumatic memories that were reported by a child personality. The child personality was able to recognize only half of the memories reported by the host personality. HS's responses were dissimilar to responses of control and nonexperiment participants. These findings suggest that DID is associated with alterations in autobiographical memory and that memories differ across personalities. Results are discussed in terms of memory and pseudomemory development in DID.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Inter-identity amnesia is a clinical hallmark of DID.
“inter-identity amnesia is a clinical hallmark of DID (Bryant, 1995;Elzinga et al., 2003;Schlumpf et al., 2014;Reinders et al., 2012)”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Bryant, 1995
Individuals with DID show differing patterns of episodic memory recall between dissociative states.
“Differing patterns of episodic memory recall between dissociative states have been reported in individuals with DID (Bryant, 1995;Elzinga et al., 2003;Schlumpf et al., 2014;Reinders et al., 2012)”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Bryant, 1995
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation.
Dalenberg, C. J., Brand, B. L., Gleaves, D. H., Dorahy, M. J., Loewenstein, R. J., Cardeña, E., Frewen, P. A., Carlson, E. B., & Spiegel, D. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027447 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Dissociative disorders in DSM-5
Spiegel, D., Loewenstein, R. J., Lewis-Fernández, R., Sar, V., Simeon, D., Vermetten, E., Cardeña, E., & Dell, P. F. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20874 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Cognitive processes in dissociation: An analysis of core theoretical assumptions.
Giesbrecht, T., Lynn, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Merckelbach, H. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.5.617 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Autobiographical memory in acute stress disorder.
Harvey, A. G., Bryant, R. A., & Dang, S. T. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.66.3.500 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationDissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview
Dorahy, M. J., Brand, B. L., Şar, V., Krüger, C., Stavropoulos, P., Martínez-Taboas, A., Lewis-Fernández, R., & Middleton, W. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867414527523 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-centered memories: The reminiscence bump and the self
Rathbone, C. J., Moulin, C. J. A., & Conway, M. A. (2008) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.36.8.1403 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Dissociative identity disorder and the sociocognitive model: Recalling the lessons of the past.
Lilienfeld, S. O., Kirsch, I., Sarbin, T. R., Lynn, S. J., Chaves, J. F., Ganaway, G. K., & Powell, R. A. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.5.507 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The unanticipated resilience of trait self-knowledge in the face of neural damage
Klein, S. B., & Lax, M. L. (2010) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2010.524651 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Dissociative disorders in DSM-5
Spiegel, D., Loewenstein, R. J., Lewis-Fernández, R., Sar, V., Simeon, D., Vermetten, E., Cardeña, E., & Dell, P. F. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20923 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Kihlstrom, J. F. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143925 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
McKinnon, M. C., Boyd, J. E., Frewen, P. A., Lanius, U. F., Jetly, R., Richardson, J. D., & Lanius, R. A. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.017 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Indeed, inter-identity amnesia is a clinical hallmark of DID (Bryant, 1995; Elzinga et al., 2003; Schlumpf et al., 2014; Reinders et al., 2012), yet mixed findings are reported in the literature when this association is investigated objectively.”
Inter-identity autobiographical amnesia in patients with dissociative identity disorder
Huntjens, R. J. C., Verschuere, B., & McNally, R. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040580 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Dorahy, M. J. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00068-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Memory, Amnesia, and Dissociative Identity Disorder
Eich, E., Macaulay, D., Loewenstein, R. J., & Dihle, P. H. (1997) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00454.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Posthypnotic Amnesia for Autobiographical Episodes: A Laboratory Model of Functional Amnesia?
Barnier, A. J. (2002) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00443 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Dorahy, M. J., McCusker, C. G., Loewenstein, R. J., Colbert, K., & Mulholland, C. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.05.009 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Autobiographical memory specificity in dissociative identity disorder
Huntjens, R. J. C., Wessel, I., Hermans, D., & van Minnen, A. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036624 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cox, R. E., & Barnier, A. J. (2003) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210244000108 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The role of psychophysiology in clinical assessment: ERPs in the evaluation of memory
Allen, J. J. B. (2002) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577201393034 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dorahy, M. J., Irwin, H. J., & Middleton, W. (2004) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2004.01297.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Marsh, R. J., Dorahy, M. J., Butler, C., Middleton, W., de Jong, P. J., Kemp, S. P. T., & Huntjens, R. J. C. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245849 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Marsh, R. J., Dorahy, M. J., Verschuère, B., Butler, C., Middleton, W., & Huntjens, R. J. C. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000377 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Posthypnotic amnesia for material learned before hypnosis
Bryant, R. A., Barnier, A. J., Mallard, D., & Tibbits, R. (1999) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207149908410022 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationTrauma-related self-defining memories and future goals in Dissociative Identity Disorder
Huntjens, R. J. C., Wessel, I., Ostafin, B. D., Boelen, P. A., Behrens, F., & van Minnen, A. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.10.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Autobiographical remembering and forgetting: What can hypnosis tell us?
Barnier, A. J., & McConkey, K. M. (1999) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207149908410041 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Leavitt, F. J., & Labott, S. M. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199810)54:6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Oppenheimer, L. (2002) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354302121006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Shifting Self, Shifting Memory:Testing the Self-Memory System Model With Hypnotic Identity Delusions
Cox, R. E., & Barnier, A. J. (2013) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2013.810479 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kihlstrom, J. F. (2005) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47377-1_10 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dorahy, M. J. (2007) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2007.09.005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Remembering and forgetting autobiographical events: instrumental uses of hypnosis
Barnier, A. J. (2002) · Contemporary Hypnosis · doi:10.1002/ch.242 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Beker, J. C., Dorahy, M. J., Moir, J., & Cording, J. R. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102514 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Die Dissoziative Identitätsstörung
Gysi, J., Nick, S., & Gast, U. (2025) · Trauma und Gewalt · doi:10.21706/tg-19-3-188 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Assessing malingering and personality styles in dissociative identity disorder: a case study
Lanfranco, R. C., Martínez-Aguayo, J. C., & Marcelo Arancibia, M. (2023) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2024.2348218 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Khan, T., Azizi, H., Naisan, M., Benjamin, T., Colantonio, P., D’Andrea, C., Ahmad, T., Begum, G., Chidai, S., Olayinka, O. O., et al. (2020) · Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.15406/jpcpy.2020.11.00689 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dissociation and Dissociative Identity Disorder ( DID )
Huntjens, R. J. C., & Dorahy, M. J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0078 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Memory and Fragmentation in Dissociative Identity Disorder
Barlow, M. (2005) · DigitalCommons-IMSA (Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dichotomies Which Ignore Complexity
Middleton, W., & Butler, J. (1997) · Health Care Analysis · doi:10.1007/bf02678417 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory on the beach: an Australian memory (and hypnosis) laboratory
Barnier, A. J., Bryant, R. A., Campbell, L. A., Cox, R. E., Harris, C. B., Hung, L., Maccallum, F., & Sharman, S. J. (2005) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-005-0013-y
Self-citationDissociative Identity Disorder: The Mystery Surrounding its Etiology and its Connection to
Vogelsang, T. K. (2010)
Solinski, S. (2020) · Frontiers in the Psychotherapy of Trauma and Dissociation · doi:10.46716/ftpd.2020.0035
The Study of Dissociative Identity Disorder: Etiology, Cognitive Ability and Treatment
Yang, A., Luo, S., Liu, Y., & Wang, C. (2024) · Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media · doi:10.54254/2753-7048/60/20240555
- Authors
- Bryant, R. A.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bryant, Richard A.
- ORCID
- Bryant, Richard A.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 1995-11
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 625-631
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W4234531554
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- dissociative identity disorder, autobiographical memory, personality, memory retrieval, dissociation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amnesia, Autobiographies as Topic, Dissociative Disorders, Emotions, Female, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Personality Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
