Regime Shifts, Resilience, and Biodiversity in Ecosystem Management
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▪ Abstract We review the evidence of regime shifts in terrestrial and aquatic environments in relation to resilience of complex adaptive ecosystems and the functional roles of biological diversity in this context. The evidence reveals that the likelihood of regime shifts may increase when humans reduce resilience by such actions as removing response diversity, removing whole functional groups of species, or removing whole trophic levels; impacting on ecosystems via emissions of waste and pollutants and climate change; and altering the magnitude, frequency, and duration of disturbance regimes. The combined and often synergistic effects of those pressures can make ecosystems more vulnerable to changes that previously could be absorbed. As a consequence, ecosystems may suddenly shift from desired to less desired states in their capacity to generate ecosystem services. Active adaptive management and governance of resilience will be required to sustain desired ecosystem states and transform degraded ecosystems into fundamentally new and more desirable configurations.
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When alternative states become stabilized, ecosystems will not recover fully without mitigation of altered feedbacks.
“When alternative states become stabilized, ecosystems will not recover fully without mitigation of altered feedbacks (Beisner et al. 2003, Folke et al. 2004, Suding et al. 2004).”
From WATER TABLES CONSTRAIN HEIGHT RECOVERY OF WILLOW ON YELLOWSTONE'S NORTHERN RANGE (2008) · cites this paper as Folke et al. 2004
The available passages labeled Abstract contain keywords and citation metadata, but no discussion of whether stabilized alternative states prevent full recovery without mitigating altered feedbacks. Searches for recovery, alternative states, and feedbacks found no passage addressing that relationship. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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- Authors
- Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L., & Holling, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (SE)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Emory University (US)
- 16871 Sturgis Circle, Cedar Key, Florida 32625;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2004-12-15
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 557-581
- ISSN
- 1543-592X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2069
- OpenAlex
- W2142289369
- Cited by
- 3,847
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 200 · 2025: 188 · 2024: 154 · 2023: 200 · 2022: 202 · 2021: 215 · 2020: 196 · 2019: 245 · 2018: 238 · 2017: 208 · 2016: 249 · 2015: 243 · 2014: 204 · 2013: 215 · 2012: 200
- FWCI
- 9.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics (publishedVersion)
- Princeton University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Keywords
- tipping points, ecosystem resilience, biodiversity, ecosystem management, complex adaptive systems, functional diversity, trophic levels, disturbance regimes, ecosystem services, adaptive management, ecosystem governance, ecosystem degradation, climate change, pollution
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