The DOI matches its Crossref record; 106 of the 106 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulation of B Lymphocyte Responses to Foreign and Self-Antigens by the CD19/CD21 Complex
Abstract
The membrane protein complex CD19/CD21 couples the innate immune recognition of microbial antigens by the complement system to the activation of B cells. CD21 binds the C3d fragment of activated C3 that becomes covalently attached to targets of complement activation, and CD19 co-stimulates signaling through the antigen receptor, membrane immunoglobulin. CD21 is also expressed by follicular dendritic cells and mediates the long-term retention of antigen that is required for the maintenance of memory B cells. Understanding of the biology of this receptor complex has been enriched by analyses of genetically modified mice; these analyses have uncovered roles not only in positive responses to foreign antigens, but also in the development of tolerance to self-antigens. Studies of signal transduction have begun to determine the basis for the coreceptor activities of CD19. The integration of innate and adaptive immune recognition at this molecular site on the B cell guides the appropriate selection of antigen by adaptive immunity and emphasizes the importance of this coreceptor complex.
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Cites
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Cited by
Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses
Dunkelberger, J. R., & Song, W.-C. (2010) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2009.139 · Cited by 1,932
mTOR regulates memory CD8 T-cell differentiation
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The ins and outs of MHC class II-mediated antigen processing and presentation
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The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity
Carroll, M. C. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1113 · Cited by 1,035
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fearon, D. T., Carroll, M. C., & Carroll, M. C.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 393-422
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2101882317
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 106
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Regulation of B Lymphocyte Responses to Foreign and Self-Antigens by the CD19/CD21 Complex. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.393
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- Fearon, D. T., Carroll, M. C., & Carroll, M. C. (2000). Regulation of B Lymphocyte Responses to Foreign and Self-Antigens by the CD19/CD21 Complex. Annual Review of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.393
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
