The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interleukin-18 Regulates Both Th1 and Th2 Responses
Abstract
Although interleukin-18 is structurally homologous to IL-1 and its receptor belongs to the IL-1R/Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily, its function is quite different from that of IL-1. IL-18 is produced not only by types of immune cells but also by non-immune cells. In collaboration with IL-12, IL-18 stimulates Th1-mediated immune responses, which play a critical role in the host defense against infection with intracellular microbes through the induction of IFN-γ. However, the overproduction of IL-12 and IL-18 induces severe inflammatory disorders, suggesting that IL-18 is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that has pathophysiological roles in several inflammatory conditions. IL-18 mRNA is expressed in a wide range of cells including Kupffer cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, osteoblasts, keratinocytes, astrocytes, and microglias. Thus, the pathophysiological role of IL-18 has been extensively tested in the organs that contain these cells. Somewhat surprisingly, IL-18 alone can stimulate Th2 cytokine production as well as allergic inflammation. Therefore, the functions of IL-18 in vivo are very heterogeneous and complicated. In principle, IL-18 enhances the IL-12-driven Th1 immune responses, but it can also stimulate Th2 immune responses in the absence of IL-12.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nakanishi, K., Yoshimoto, T., Tsutsui, H., & Okamura, H.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 423-474
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2166037275
- Cited by
- 1,315
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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