Sex hormones and the immune response in humans
Abstract
In addition to their effects on sexual differentiation and reproduction, sex hormones appear to influence the immune system. This results in a sexual dimorphism in the immune response in humans: for instance, females produce more vigorous cellular and more vigorous humoral immune reactions, are more resistant to certain infections, and suffer a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases. Disease expression is also affected by the reproductive status of the female. As sex steroids--estrogens, progesterone and testosterone--differ between gender and within different reproductive stages, a lot of research has focussed on the effects of sex hormones on immune responses. Although there is also a vast literature on the effects of sex hormones on immune responses in animals, in this review we will focus on the most intriguing effects and mechanisms by which sex hormones affect different components of the immune system in humans.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Sex-based differences in infection and immunity suggest that sex steroids underlie these disparities.
“Sex-based differences in infection and immunity suggest that sex steroids underlie these disparities [1].”
From Gender-Related Effects of Sex Steroids on Histamine Release and Fc<i>ε</i>RI Expression in Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
Cites
Mosmann, T. R., Cherwinski, H. M., Bond, M. W., Giedlin, M. A., & Coffman, R. L. (1986) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.7.2348 · Cited by 7,438 · see citing works
Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary.
Kuiper, G. G. J. M., Enmark, E., Pelto‐Huikko, M., Nilsson, S., & Gustafsson, J.-Α. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.12.5925 · Cited by 4,792 · see citing works
The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more
Mosmann, T. R., & Sad, S. (1996) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(96)80606-2 · Cited by 3,603 · see citing works
Nitric oxide: an endogenous modulator of leukocyte adhesion.
Kubes, P., Suzuki, M., & Granger, D. N. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.11.4651 · Cited by 3,052 · see citing works
Trinchieri, G. (1995) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001343 · Cited by 2,427 · see citing works
ERβ: Identification and characterization of a novel human estrogen receptor
Mosselman, S., Polman, J., & Dijkema, R. (1996) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00782-x · Cited by 2,269 · see citing works
Malefyt, R. D. W., Haanen, J. B. A. G., Spits, H., Roncarolo, M., Velde, A. A. T., Figdor, C. G., Johnson, K., KASTELEIN, R. A., Yssel, H., & de Vries, J. E. (1991) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.174.4.915 · Cited by 1,930 · see citing works
Differential Ligand Activation of Estrogen Receptors ERα and ERβ at AP1 Sites
Paech, K., Webb, P., Kuiper, G. G. J. M., Nilsson, S., Gustafsson, J.-Å., Kushner, P. J., & Scanlan, T. S. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1508 · Cited by 1,861 · see citing works
Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell differentiation by purified polypeptides
Smith, A. G., Heath, J. K., Donaldson, D. D., Wong, G. G., Moreau, J., Stahl, M., & Rogers, D. D. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/336688a0 · Cited by 1,855 · see citing works
Interleukin-18 Regulates Both Th1 and Th2 Responses
Nakanishi, K., Yoshimoto, T., Tsutsui, H., & Okamura, H. (2001) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.423 · Cited by 1,310 · see citing works
Sex differences in autoimmune disease
Whitacre, C. C. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0901-777 · Cited by 1,271 · see citing works
The aging immune system: primer and prospectus
Miller, R. A. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5271.70 · Cited by 1,165 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One of these factors may be related with ageing (Miller, 1996; Chakravarti and Abraham, 1999).”
BackgroundSex hormones, immune responses, and autoimmune diseases. Mechanisms of sex hormone action.
Ahmed, S. A., Penhale, W. J., & Talal, N. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 815 · see citing works
McKay, L. I., & Cidlowski, J. A. (1999) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.20.4.0375 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor: production, distribution, and metabolic fate in vivo.
Beutler, B., Milsark, I. W., & Cerami, A. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3972 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Piccinni, M., Giudizi, M. G., Biagiotti, R., Beloni, L., Giannarini, L., Sampognaro, S., Parronchi, P., Manetti, R., Annunziato, F., & Livi, C. (1995) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.155.1.128 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Gender, sex hormones, and vascular tone
Orshal, J. M., & Khalil, R. A. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00338.2003 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Biological properties of interleukin 10
Howard, M., & O’Garra, A. (1992) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(92)90153-x · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Steroid hormone receptors: an update
Beato, M. (2000) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/6.3.225 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Cytokines, Prostaglandins and Parturition—A Review
Keelan, J. A., Blumenstein, M., Helliwell, R. J. A., Sato, T., Marvin, K. W., & Mitchell, M. D. (2003) · Placenta · doi:10.1053/plac.2002.0948 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Sambrook, P. N., MacGregor, A. J., & Spector, T. D. (1999) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199902)42:2 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Th1 and Th2 subsets: paradigms lost?
Kelso, A. (1995) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(95)80004-2 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Estrogen alters thresholds for B cell apoptosis and activation
Grimaldi, C. M., Cleary, J., Dagtas, A. S., Moussai, D., & Diamond, B. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci14873 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Estrogen alters thresholds for B cell apoptosis and activation
Grimaldi, C. M., Cleary, J., Dagtas, A. S., Moussai, D., & Diamond, B. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0214873 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Swain, S. L., Bradley, L. M., Croft, M., Tonkonogy, S. L., Atkins, G., Weinberg, A. D., Duncan, D. D., Hedrick, S. Μ., Dutton, R. W., & Huston, G. E. (1991) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00608.x · Cited by 422 · see citing works
T-Independent Immune Response: New Aspects of B Cell Biology
Fagarasan, S., & Honjo, T. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5489.89 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Interaction of Steroid Hormone Receptors with the Transcription Initiation Complex
Beato, M., & Sánchez‐Pacheco, A. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-17-6-587 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Sex hormones as immunomodulators in health and disease
Verthelyi, D. I. (2001) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00044-3 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Influence of Sex on Immunoglobulin Levels
BUTTERWORTH, M., McClellan, B. H., & AKLANSMITH, M. (1967) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2141224a0 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Increased Plasma Interleukin-1 Activity in Women After Ovulation
Cannon, J. G., & Dinarello, C. A. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3871966 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Uterine leukocytes and decidualization
King, A. (2000) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/6.1.28 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Eidinger, D., & Garrett, T. J. (1972) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.136.5.1098 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Cohen, J. H. M., Danel, L., Cordier, G., Saez, S., & Révillard, J. P. (1983) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.131.6.2767 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
A review of immune cells and molecules in women with recurrent miscarriage
Laird, S. M. (2003) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmg013 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Functional testosterone receptors in plasma membranes of T cells
Benten, W. P. M., Lieberherr, M., Giese, G., Wrehlke, C., Stamm, O., Sekeris, C. E., Mossmann, H., & Wunderlich, F. T. (1999) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.1.123 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Estrogen enhances immunoglobulin production by human PBMCs
Kanda, N., & Tamaki, K. (1999) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70503-8 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Elenkov, I. J., Wilder, R. L., Bakalov, V. K., Link, A. A., Dimitrov, M. A., Fisher, S., Crane, M., Kanik, K. S., & Chrousos, G. P. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.10.7905 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The immunology of successful pregnancy
van Nieuwenhoven, A. L. V. (2003) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmg026 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MOTHER AND THE FETUS
Szekeres‐Barthó, J. (2002) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.1080/08830180215017 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
González, J. A. G., Moral, F., Elvira, J., García-Gil, D., Guerrero, F., Gavilán, I., & Escobar, L. (2000) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1430031 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Gender Difference in the Non‐Specific and Specific Immune Response in Humans
Bouman, A., Schipper, M., Heineman, M. J., & Faas, M. M. (2004) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00177.x · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationTh1/Th2 Paradigm in Pregnancy: Paradigm Lost?
Chaouat, G., Lédée, N., Dubanchet, S., Zourbas, S., Sandra, O., & Martal, J. (2004) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000074300 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Androgens Alter the Cytokine Profile and Reduce Encephalitogenicity of Myelin-Reactive T Cells
Bebo, B. F., Schuster, J. C., Vandenbark, A. A., & Offner, H. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.1.35 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Sex-specific alterations in neutrophil apoptosis: the role of estradiol and progesterone
Molloy, E. J., O’Neill, A., Grantham, J. J., Sheridan‐Pereira, M., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Webb, D. W., & Watson, R. W. G. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-02-0649 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Ralston, S. H., Russell, R. G. G., & Gowen, M. (1990) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650050912 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Changes in T, B, and NK Lymphocyte Subsets During and After Normal Pregnancy
Watanabe, M., Iwatani, Y., Kaneda, T., Hidaka, Y., Mitsuda, N., Morimoto, Y., & Amino, N. (1997) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00246.x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Testosterone inhibits immunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Kanda, N., Tsuchida, T., & Tamaki, K. (1996) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-842.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Progesterone as an immunomodulatory molecule
Szekeres‐Barthó, J., Barakonyi, A., Pár, G., Polgár, B., Palkovics, T., & Szereday, L. (2001) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00035-2 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Asai, K., Hiki, N., Mimura, Y., Ogawa, T., Unou, K., & Kaminishi, M. (2001) · Shock · doi:10.1097/00024382-200116050-00003 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Estrogen influences the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of early B-lineage precursors
Medina, K. L., Strasser, A., & Kincade, P. W. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v95.6.2059 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The immune response during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle: a Th2-type response?
Faas, M. M., Bouman, A., Moesa, H., Heineman, M. J., de Leij, L., & Schuiling, G. A. (2000) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01553-3 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationGonadal steroids modulate human monocyte interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) activity
Polan, M. L., Daniele, A., & Kuo, A. (1989) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(89)90287-7 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Jenkins, J. K., Malyak, M., & Arend, W. P. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Interaction of the Estrogen Receptors with the Fas Ligand Promoter in Human Monocytes
Mor, G., Sapi, E., Abrahams, V. M., Rutherford, T., Song, J. H., Hao, X.-Y., Muzaffar, S., & Kohen, F. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.114 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Sex Hormones and Pregnancy in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Ostensen, M. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07630.x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Straub, R. H., Hense, H. W., Andus, T., Schölmerich, J., Riegger, G. A. J., & Schunkert, H. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.3.6355 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
In Vivo Effects of Sex Steroids on Lymphocyte Responsiveness and Immunoglobulin Levels in Humans
Giltay, E. J., Fonk, J. C. M., Blomberg, B. M. E. V., Drexhage, H. A., Schalkwijk, C., & Gooren, L. J. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.4.6562 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
STIMSON, W. H. (1988) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01459.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Polan, M. L., Loukides, J. A., Nelson, P. J., Carding, S. R., Diamond, M. P., WALSH, A., & Bottomly, K. (1989) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-69-6-1200 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Gonadal steroids modulate human monocyte interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity
Polan, M. L., Daniele, A., & Kuo, A. (1988) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59945-2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Interleukin-18: biological properties and clinical implications.
Lebel‐Binay, S., Berger, A. K., Zinzindohoué, F., et al. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Immune cell circulating subsets are affected by gonadal function
Giglio, T., Imro, M. A., Filaci, G., SCUDELETTI, M., Puppo, F., Cecco, L. D., Indiveri, F., & Costantini, S. (1994) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(94)00508-7 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Sacks, G. P., Redman, C. W. G., & Sargent, I. L. (2003) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02082.x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Cytokine pattern in postmenopause
Cioffi, M., Esposito, K., Vietri, M. T., Gazzerro, P., D'Auria, A., Ardovino, I., Puca, G. A., & Molinari, A. M. (2002) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(01)00286-9 · Cited by 152 · cited 4× · see citing works
“It has been shown that plasma IL-6 levels are increased after menopause (McKane et al., 1994; Sex hormones and the immune response in human Kania et al., 1995; Cioffi et al., 2002; Rachon et al., 2002); these increased IL-6 levels were decreased by HRT (Straub et al., 2000; Rachon et al., 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of the Menstrual Cycle on Medical Disorders
Case, A. M., & Reid, R. L. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.13.1405 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The effect of 17β-estradiol on production of cytokines in cultures of peripheral blood
Rogers, A., & Eastell, R. (2001) · Bone · doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00468-9 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Sex hormone levels correlate with the activity of cytokine‐secreting cells in vivo
Verthelyi, D. I., & Klinman, D. M. (2000) · Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00047.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Estrogen, Progesterone, and Vascular Reactivity: Potential Cellular Mechanisms*
White, M. M., Zamudio, S., Stevens, T., Tyler, R. C., Lindenfeld, J. M., Leslie, K. K., & MOORE, L. G. (1995) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-16-6-739 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
CYCLIC PLASMA IL-6 LEVELS DURING NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Angstwurm, M., Gärtner, R., & Ziegler‐Heitbrock, H. W. L. (1997) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.1996.0178 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Aging and T-cell-mediated immunity
Chakravarti, B., & Abraham, G. N. (1999) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(99)00009-3 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Effects of Sex Hormones on Chemotaxis of Human Peripheral Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Monocytes
Miyagi, M., Aoyama, H., Morishita, M., & Iwamoto, Y. (1992) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1992.63.1.28 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Yovel, G., Shakhar, K., & Ben‐Eliyahu, S. (2001) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1006/gyno.2001.6153 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Curran, E. M., Berghaus, L. J., Vernetti, N. J., Saporita, A. J., Lubahn, D. B., & Estes, D. M. (2001) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1006/cimm.2002.1886 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Asthma Presentations in the Emergency Department
Skobeloff, E. M. (1996) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440150091010 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Changes in lymphocyte subsets during normal pregnancy
Kühnert, M., Strohmeier, R., Stegmüller, M., & Halberstadt, E. (1998) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(97)00180-2 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Piccinni, M., Scaletti, C., Vultaggio, A., Maggi, E., & Romagnani, S. (2001) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-0378(01)00111-5 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Kanda, N., Tsuchida, T., & Tamaki, K. (1997) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780400921 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
van Nieuwenhoven, A. L. V., Bouman, A., Moes, H., Heineman, M. J., de Leij, L. F. M. H., Santema, J. G., & Faas, M. M. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)02976-x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationSuenaga, R., Evans, M. J., Mitamura, K., Rider, V., & Abdou, N. I. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Flynn, L. M., Byrne, B., Carton, J., O’Farrelly, C., Kelehan, P., & O’Herlihy, C. (2000) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.8755-8920.2000.430405.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Molero, L. (2002) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(02)00505-9 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Vegeto, E., Pollio, G., Pellicciari, C., & Maggi, A. C. (1999) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.8.793 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Jilma, B., Dirnberger, E., Löscher, I., Rumplmayr, A., Hildebrandt, J., Eichler, H.-G., Kapiotis, S., & Wagner, O. F. (1997) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0022-2143(97)90060-3 · Cited by 117 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, others showed no variation in plasma IL-6 levels or leukocyte IL-6 production during the menstrual cycle (Jilma et al., 1997; Brannstrom et al., 1999; Al Harthi et al., 2000; Konecna et al., 2000; Verthelyi and Klinman, 2000; Abrahamsen et al., 2003).”
BackgroundLeukemia inhibitory factor can potentiate murine megakaryocyte production in vitro
Metcalf, D., Hilton, D. J., & Nicola, N. A. (1991) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v77.10.2150.2150 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Békési, G., Kakucs, R., Várbı́ró, S., Rácz, K., Sprintz, D., Fehér, J., & Székács, B. (2000) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(00)00183-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Immune effects of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women
Porter, V. R., Greendale, G. A., Schocken, M., Zhu, X., & Effros, R. B. (2001) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00195-9 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Presence of oestrogen receptors in human blood mononuclear cells and thymocytes
Weusten, J. J. A. M., Blankenstein, M. A., Gmelig-Meyling, F. H. J., et al. (1986) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1120409 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
McMurray, R. W., Suwannaroj, S., Ndebele, K., & Jenkins, J. K. (2001) · Pathobiology · doi:10.1159/000048757 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Progesterone Enhances Interleukin-15 Production in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells in Vitro1
Okada, H., Nakajima, T., Sanezumi, M., Ikuta, A., Yasuda, K., & Kanzaki, H. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.12.7023 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Rachoń, D., Myśliwska, J. M., Suchecka-Rachoń, K., Więckiewicz, J., & Myśliwski, A. (2002) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1720387 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
MATHUR, S. P., Mathur, R. S., Goust, J. M., Williamson, H. O., & Fudenberg, H. H. (1979) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0090-1229(79)90069-2 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Macey, M. G., McCarthy, D. A., Vordermeier, S., et al. (1995) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/0022-1759(95)00003-s · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Stefano, G. B., Prévot, V., Beauvillain, J., Fimiani, C., Welters, I. D., Cadet, P., Breton, C., Pestel, J., Salzet, M., & Bilfinger, T. V. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.163.7.3758 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Latham, K. A., Zamora, A., Drought, H., Subramanian, S., Matejuk, A., Offner, H., & Rosloniec, E. F. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.11.5820 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Circulating levels of cytokines that modulate bone resorption: Effects of age and menopause in women
McKane, W. R., Khosla, S., Peterson, J. M., Egan, K. S., & Riggs, B. L. (1994) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650090821 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement
Burleson, M. H., Malarkey, W. B., Cacioppo, J. T., Poehlmann, K. M., Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Berntson, G. G., & Glaser, R. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199801000-00004 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Human X Chromosome Carries Quantitative Genes for Immunoglobulin M
Grundbacher, F. J. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.176.4032.311 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Estrogen Stimulates Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein Expression in Human Neutrophils
Garcı́a-Durán, M., de Frutos, T., Diaz-Recasens, J., Gálvez, G. G., Jiménez, A., Montón, M., Farré, J., de Miguel, L. S., González-Fernández, F., Arriero, M. D. M., et al. (1999) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.85.11.1020 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sacks, G. P., Clover, L. M., Bainbridge, D. R. J., Redman, C. W. G., & Sargent, I. L. (2001) · Placenta · doi:10.1053/plac.2001.0686 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Elevated Plasma Levels of Interleukin‐6 in Postmenopausal Women Do Not Correlate with Bone Density
Kania, D. M., Binkley, N., Checovich, M. M., Havighurst, T. C., Schilling, M. L., & Ershler, W. B. (1995) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07328.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The Role of γ/δ T Cell Receptor Positive Cells in Pregnancy
Polgár, B., Barakonyi, A., Xynos, I. D., & Szekeres‐Barthó, J. (1999) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00433.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
BEN‐HUR, H., Mor, G., Insler, V., Blickstein, I., Amir-Zaltsman, Y., Sharp, A., Globerson, A., & Kohen, F. (1995) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1995.tb00965.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Effects of Sex Hormones on Production of Interleukin‐1 by Human Peripheral Monocytes
Morishita, M., Miyagi, M., & Iwamoto, Y. (1999) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1999.70.7.757 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Lichtman, M. A., Vaughan, J. H., & Hames, C. G. (1967) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780100306 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Influence of menstrual cycle on NK activity
de Souza, S. S., de Castro, F. A., Mendonça, H. C., Palma, P. V. B., de Morais, F. R., Ferriani, R. A., & Voltarelli, J. C. (2001) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-0378(00)00091-7 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Bouman, A., Moes, H., Heineman, M. J., de Leij, L. F. M. H., & Faas, M. M. (2001) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01971-9 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationAl‐Harthi, L., Wright, D. J., Anderson, D. J., Cohen, M. H., Matityahu, D., Cohn, J., Cu‐Uvin, S., Burns, D., Reichelderfer, P. S., Lewis, S., et al. (2000) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/10799900050116426 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Ida, A., Tsuji, Y., Muranaka, J., 金澤, 理., Nakata, Y., Adachi, S., Okamura, H., & Koyama, K. (2000) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-0378(00)00058-9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Variations in leucocyte count during menstrual cycle.
Bain, B. J., & England, J. M. (1975) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5969.473 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Progesterone-induced immunosuppression is not mediated through the progesterone receptor
Schust, D. J., Anderson, D. J., & Hill, J. A. (1996) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019335 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Brännström, M., Fridén, B. E., Jasper, M. J., et al. (1999) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(99)00003-2 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lymphocytic progesterone receptors in normal and pathological human pregnancy
Szekeres‐Barthó, J., Reznikoff‐Etiévant, M. F., Várga, P., et al. (1989) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/0165-0378(89)90053-3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Verfaillie, C. M., & McGlave, P. (1991) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v77.2.263.263 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
White, D., Jones, D. B., Cooke, T. M., et al. (1982) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1982.245 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Effects of Estrogen Therapy of Postmenopausal Women on Cytokines Measured in Peripheral Blood
Rogers, A., & Eastell, R. (1998) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.10.1577 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Piccinni, M. (2002) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.01104.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Autoimmunity-Prone B-L (Cd5 B) Cells, Natural Antibodies and Self Recognition
Kasaian, M. T., & Casali, P. (1993) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.3109/08916939309115755 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Variation in natural killer activity in peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle.
Sulke, A. N., Jones, D. B., & Wood, P. J. (1985) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.290.6472.884 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Stock, J. L., Coderre, J. A., McDONALD, B., & Rosenwasser, L. J. (1989) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-68-2-364 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The Effect of Testosterone on Cytokine Production in the Specific and Non‐specific Immune Response
Posma, E., Moes, H., Heineman, M. J., & Faas, M. M. (2004) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00216.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationWaring, P. M., Carroll, G. J., Kandiah, D. A., Buirski, G., & Metcalf, D. (1993) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780360707 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
SAKAI, M., Tsuda, H., Tanebe, K., Sasaki, Y., & Saito, S. (2002) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.1o020.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Northern, A. L. D., Rutter, S. M., & Peterson, C. M. (1994) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-207-43795 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Ulich, T. R., Fann, M.-J., Patterson, P. H., Williams, J. H., Samal, B. B., del Castillo, J. M. G., Yin, S., Guo, K., & Remick, D. G. (1994) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.1994.267.4.l442 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hormonal modulation of human natural killer cell activity in vitro
Sulke, A. N., Jones, D. B., & Wood, P. J. (1985) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/0165-0378(85)90064-6 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
B cells express intracellular but not surface receptors for testosterone and estradiol
Benten, W. P. M., Stephan, C., & Wunderlich, F. T. (2002) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(02)00013-2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Matalka, K. Z. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The role of gamma/delta T-cell receptor-positive cells in pregnancy: part II.
Barakonyi, A., Polgár, B., & Szekeres‐Barthó, J. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Characterization of Estrogen-Induced Autoantibodies to Cardiolipin in Non-Autoimmune Mice
Verthelyi, D. I., & Ahmed, S. A. (1997) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1006/jaut.1996.0121 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Modulation of IL-6 Production during the Menstrual Cycle in Vivo and in Vitro
Konecná, L., Yan, M., Miller, L. E., Schölmerich, J., Falk, W., & Straub, R. H. (2000) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1006/brbi.1999.0570 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Progesterone Enhances Interleukin-15 Production in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells in Vitro
Okada, H. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.12.4765 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Yang, J., Chen, C., Wu, M., et al. (2000) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00622-1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gniesinger, G., Saleh, L., Bauer, S., Husslein, P. W., & Knöfler, M. (2001) · Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation · doi:10.1177/107155760100800605 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The production of tumour necrosis factor a (TNF- ) by human endometrial cells in culture
Laird, S. M., Tuckerman, E. M., Saravelos, H. G., & Li, T. C. (1996) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019379 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Role of γ/δ T‐Cell Receptor‐Positive Cells in Pregnancy: Part II
Barakonyi, A., Polgár, B., & Szekeres‐Barthó, J. (1999) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00470.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Estrogen and Progesterone Modulate Monocyte Cell Cycle Progression and Apoptosis
Thongngarm, T., Jenkins, J. K., Ndebele, K., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00015.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kamada, M., Irahara, M., Maegawa, M., Ohmoto, Y., Murata, K., Yasui, T., Yamano, S., & Aono, T. (2001) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000052948 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
van Nieuwenhoven, A. L. V., Bouman, A., Moes, H., Heineman, M. J., de Leij, L. F. M. H., Santema, J. G., & Faas, M. M. (2003) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2003.263 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationINFLUENCE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON THE LPS-INDUCED CYTOKINE RESPONSE OF MONOCYTES
Schwarz, E., Schäfer, C., Bode, J. C., et al. (2000) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.1999.0570 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Griesinger, G. (2001) · Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation · doi:10.1016/s1071-5576(01)00135-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Polan, M. L., Loukides, J. A., & Honig, J. (1994) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70093-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Brooks-Asplund, E. M., Tupper, C. E., Daun, J. M., Kenney, W. L., & Cannon, J. G. (2002) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.2002.1963 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cytokine Changes in Postmenopausal Women Treated with Estrogens: a Placebo‐controlled Study
Berg, G. E., Ekerfelt, C., Hammar, M. L., Lindgren, R., Matthiesen, L., & Ernerudh, J. (2002) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.01061.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
B cell subsets in postmenopausal women and the effect of hormone replacement therapy
Kamada, M., Irahara, M., Maegawa, M., Yasui, T., Yamano, S., Yamada, M., Tezuka, M., Kasai, Y., Deguchi, K., Ohmoto, Y., et al. (2001) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(00)00180-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Wira, C. R., & Rossoll, R. M. (2003) · Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01670.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Loy, R. A., Loukides, J. A., & Polan, M. L. (1992) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55320-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Progesterone receptors in lymphocytes of liver-transplanted and transfused patients
Szekeres‐Barthó, J., Weill, B. J., Mike, G., et al. (1989) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-2478(89)90162-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Circulating Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Levels Correlate With Disease Severity In Meningococcemia
Waring, P. M., Waring, L., & Metcalf, D. (1994) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/170.5.1224 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Perimenstrual alterations in type-1/type-2 cytokine balance of normal women
Agarwal, S. K., & Marshall, G. D. (1999) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62644-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Oestrogen as an inhibitor of human NK cell cytolysis
Ferguson, M. M., & McDonald, F. G. (1985) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(85)81011-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gómez, F. E., Ortíz-Ortega, V. M., SAINT‐MARTIN, B., et al. (1993) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1993.tb00590.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Auerbach, L., Hafner, T., Huber, J. C., & Panzer, S. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03173-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bouman, A., Schipper, M., Heineman, M. J., & Faas, M. M. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.05.072 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effect of Testosterone on the Immune Response 1.-Mechanism of Action on Antibody-Forming Cells
Rifé, S. U., Márquez, M. G., Escalante, A., et al. (1990) · Immunological Investigations · doi:10.3109/08820139009041841 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Steroids decrease granulocyte membrane fluidity, while phorbol ester increases membrane fluidity
Lamche, H. R., Silberstein, P. T., Knabe, A. C., et al. (1990) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/bf00914030 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bamberger, A., Erdmann, I., Bamberger, C. M., Jenatschke, S., & Schulte, H. M. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(96)03991-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mansour, I., Reznikoff‐Etiévant, M. F., & Netter, A. (1994) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138746 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lymphocyte subsets in women on low dose oral contraceptives
Baker, D. A., Hameed, C., Tejani, N. A., et al. (1985) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(85)90041-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Askanase, A., & Buyon, J. P. (2002) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1053/berh.2002.0225 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Uksila, J. (1985) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/0165-0378(85)90065-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Suenaga, R., Mitamura, K., Evans, M., et al. (1996) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/096120339600500311 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Klinger, G., Gräser, T., Mellinger, U., et al. (2000) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590009167655 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Leukemia inhibitory factor ameliorates experimental anti-GBM Ab glomerulonephritis
Tang, W. W., Qi, M., Van, G. Y., et al. (1996) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1996.514 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bouman, A., Moes, H., Heineman, M. J., de Leij, L. F. M. H., & Faas, M. M. (2001) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.8755-8920.2001.450302.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationNatural killer cell activity is reduced in association with oral contraceptive use
Scanlan, J. M., Werner, J. J., Legg, R. L., & Laudenslager, M. L. (1995) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)00059-j · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fukuda, J., Nasu, K., Sun, B., Shang, S., Kawano, Y., & Miyakawa, I. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00776-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sex hormones enhance immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes
Weetman, A. P., McGregor, A. M., Smith, B. R., et al. (1981) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-2478(81)90064-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
CD 11 b Expression on Circulating Neutrophils in Pre-Eclampsia
Sacks, G. P., Studená, K., Sargent, I. L., et al. (1997) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0930187 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Stefano, G. B., & Peter, D. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Stability of Serum Interleukin‐10 Levels During the Menstrual Cycle
Maskill, J. K., Laird, S. M., Blakemore, A. I. F., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00309.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Evaluation of progesterone receptor expression in eosinophils using real-time quantitative PCR
Aerts, J. L., Christiaens, M.-R., & Vandekerckhove, P. G. (2002) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00192-7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Abrahamsen, B., Stilgren, L. S., Rettmer, E., Bonnevie‐Nielsen, V., & Beck‐Nielsen, H. (2003) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-002-2037-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Estrogen binding sites in peripheral blood monocytes and effects of danazol on their sites in vitro
Wada, K., Itoh, T., NAKAGAWA, M., et al. (1992) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(92)90150-i · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cassidy, R. A. (2003) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000070740.34700.cd · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Trzonkowski, P., Myśliwska, J. M., Łukaszuk, K., Szmit, E., Bryl, E., & Myśliwski, A. (2001) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2001-15420 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Biassoni, R., Ferrini, S., Prigione, I., et al. (1991) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01769.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Steinkamp, J. A., Valdez, Y. E., & Lehnert, B. E. (2000) · Cytometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(20000101)39:1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Apseloff, G., Bao, X., LaBoy‐Goral, L., et al. (2000) · American Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.1097/00045391-200007050-00005 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Thyss, A., Caldani, C., Bourcier, C., et al. (1984) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1984.149 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Humoral immunity in oral contraceptive users
Bisset, L. R., & Griffin, J. F. T. (1988) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(88)90160-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lopez-Karpovitchs, X., Larrea, F., Cárdenas, R., Valencia, X., Piedras, J., Díaz-Sánchez, V., & Alarcón-Segovia, D. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid Receptors in Human Polymorphonuclear and Mononuclear Leucocytes
KONTULA, K. K., Myllyla, G. J., & Andersson, L. C. (1981) · Scandinavian Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1981.tb00465.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
In vitro functions of lymphocytes during high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment
Gr�nroos, M., & Eskola, J. (1984) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/bf00205489 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Humoral immunity in oral contraceptive users
Bisset, L. R., & Griffin, J. F. T. (1988) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(88)90161-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lali, P., Chandra, L., & Gupta, R. P. (1996) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(96)00086-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Progesterone receptors on lymphocytes
Szekeres‐Barthó, J. (1995) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136016 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sex differences in immune responses
Klein, S. L., & Flanagan, K. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.90 · Cited by 6,370 · see citing works
Gender differences in autoimmune disease
Ngo, S. T., Steyn, F. J., & McCombe, P. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.004 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
T cell responses in patients with COVID-19
Chen, Z., & John Wherry, E. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0402-6 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Gonzalez-Quintela, A., Alende, R., Gude, F., Campos, J., Rey, J., Meijide, L. M., Fernandez-Merino, C., & Vidal, C. (2007) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03545.x · Cited by 630 · see citing works
The Regulation of Steroid Action by Sulfation and Desulfation
Mueller, J. W., Gilligan, L. C., Idkowiak, J., Arlt, W., & Foster, P. A. (2015) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1036 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Slavich, G. M., & Sacher, J. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05326-9 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Cremon, C., Gargano, L., Morselli-Labate, A. M., Santini, D., Cogliandro, R. F., De Giorgio, R., Stanghellini, V., Corinaldesi, R., & Barbara, G. (2009) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2008.94 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Sex, glia, and development: Interactions in health and disease
Schwarz, J. M., & Bilbo, S. D. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.018 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Phthalate exposure and long-term epigenomic consequences: a review
Dutta, S., Haggerty, D. K., Rappolee, D. A., & Ruden, D. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00405 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in immune cells and its role in immune-related diseases
Notas, G., Kampa, M., & Castanas, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.579420 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Sex disparities in melanoma outcomes: The role of biology
Nosrati, A., & Wei, M. L. (2014) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.018 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Beenakker, K. G. M., Westendorp, R. G. J., de Craen, A. J. M., Chen, S., Raz, Y., Ballieux, B. E. P. B., Nelissen, R. G. H. H., Later, A. F. L., Huizinga, T. W., Slagboom, P. E., et al. (2020) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000499840 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Dimitrov, S., Besedovsky, L., Born, J., & Lange, T. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.017 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Muñoz-Cruz, S., Mendoza-Rodríguez, Y., Nava-Castro, K. E., Yepez-Mulia, L., & Morales-Montor, J. (2015) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2015/351829 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Introduction Sex-based differences in infection and immunity suggest that sex steroids underlie these disparities [1].”
BackgroundZong, Y., Chen, J., Hou, J., Deng, W., Liao, X., & Xiao, Y. (2018) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.041 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Modelling female physiology from head to Toe: impact of sex hormones, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy
Abo, S., Smith, D., Stadt, M., & Layton, A. (2022) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111074 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Universal or Personalized Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies: Impact of Age, Sex, and Biological Source
Carp, D. M., & Liang, Y. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11132077 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Meng, Y., Xiang, H., Lu, Y., & Liu, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218017 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bouman, A., Heineman, M. J., & Faas, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bouman, Annechien
- ORCID
- Faas, Marijke M.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction Update
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-04-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 411-423
- ISSN
- 1355-4786 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2369
- OpenAlex
- W2163369593
- Cited by
- 1,131
- References
- 186
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction Update (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- sex hormones, immune response, sexual dimorphism, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, sex steroids, autoimmune disease, infection resistance, reproductive status, humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Immune System, Male, Sex Characteristics, Gonadal Steroid Hormones
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review