Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 632

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

T Follicular Helper (TFH) Cells in Normal and Dysregulated Immune Responses

King, Cecile, Tangye, Stuart G., Mackay, Charles R.·2008·Annual Review of Immunology

Abstract

T cell help for antibody production is a fundamental aspect of immune responses. Only recently has a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for T cell help emerged. A subset of T cells, termed T follicular helper cells (T FH cells), provides a helper function to B cells and represents one of the most numerous and important subsets of effector T cells in lymphoid tissues. T FH cells are distinguishable from Th1 and Th2 cells by several criteria, including chemokine receptor expression (CXCR5), location/migration (B cell follicles), and function (B cell help). Central to the function of CD4+T cells is IL-21, a “helper” cytokine produced by T FH cells that potently stimulates the differentiation of B cells into Ab-forming cells through IL-21R. Consequently, dysregulation of T FH cell function, and over- or under-expression of T FH cell–associated molecules such as ICOS or IL-21, most likely contributes to the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases or immunodeficiencies.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090344

Cites

150 of 150 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 150 references

Cited by

See all 632

Metadata

Authors
King, C., Tangye, S. G., & Mackay, C. R.
Venue
Annual Review of Immunology
Published
2008-04-01
Volume
26
Issue
1
Pages
741-766
ISSN
  • 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3278
OpenAlex
W2099739487
Cited by
632
References
150
FWCI
3.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: T Follicular Helper (TFH) Cells in Normal and Dysregulated Immune Responses. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090344
The paper
King, C., Tangye, S. G., & Mackay, C. R. (2008). T Follicular Helper (TFH) Cells in Normal and Dysregulated Immune Responses. Annual Review of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090344

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.