Bcl6 and Blimp-1 Are Reciprocal and Antagonistic Regulators of T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation
Open accessAbstract
T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation: When B cells respond to an infection, they often require help from CD4 + T cells to mount a proper response. It is thought that a subset of CD4 + effector T cells, called T follicular helper cells (T FH ), performs this function. Several subsets of effector CD4 + T cells arise, depending on the type of infection, which have distinct transcriptional programs driving their differentiation. Whether this is also the case for T FH cells has not been clear (see the Perspective by Awasthi and Kuchroo ). Nurieva et al. (p. 1001 , published online 23 July) and Johnston et al. (p. 1006 ; published online 16 July) now demonstrate that the transcription factor Bcl6 is both necessary and sufficient for T FH differentiation and subsequent B cell–mediated immunity, suggesting that it is a master regulator of this lineage. Johnston et al. also show that expression of Bcl6 and the transcription factor, Blimp-1, are reciprocally regulated in T FH cells and that, when ectopically expressed, Blimp-1 inhibits T FH development.
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A robust T follicular helper response sustains the germinal centre reaction.
“A robust T follicular helper response sustains the germinal centre reaction34,35.”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
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- [40]We thank R. Kageyama, L. Crickard, K. Hansen, C. Kim, and K. Van Gunst for technical assistance; S. Kaech for helpful discussions; A. Haberman and S. Kerfoot for technical help; and the NIH Tetramer Core for providing MHC class II tetramer reagents. Supported by LIAI institutional funds, a Pew Scholar Award, a Cancer Research Institute Award, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grants R01 072543 and NIAID R01 063107 (S.C.); Rheuminations Inc., the Arthritis Foundation, the Connecticut Chapter of the Lupus Foundation of America, and NIH grants AR40072, AR44076, and P30 AR053495 (J.C.); and fellowships from the UCSD/LIAI Immunology NIH Training Grant (I.Y. and R.J.J.). R.J.J. is a member of the UCSD Biomedical Sciences (BMS) graduate program. Microarray data have been deposited at the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE16697). Author contributions are as follows: LCMV TFH identification and microarrays, I.Y. and S.C.; Bcl6-RV and Blimp1-RV experiments, R.J.J., D.D., B.B.; TFH migration, D.E.; Blimp-1 conditional knockout experiments, D.D.; Bcl6−/− mice, A.L.D.; Bcl6−/− experiments, A.C.P.; writing, S.C. (with intellectual and editorial contributions from the other authors); project conception and experimental design, S.C. and J.C.
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- Authors
- Johnston, R. J., Poholek, A. C., DiToro, D., Yusuf, I., Eto, D., Barnett, B., Dent, A. L., Craft, J., & Crotty, S.
- Affiliations
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Johnston, Robert J.
- Poholek, Amanda C.
- Crotty, Shane
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-08-21
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 5943
- Pages
- 1006-1010
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC2766560
- OpenAlex
- W2146604395
- Cited by
- 1,626
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 101 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 124 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 97
- FWCI
- 35.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01 063107, R01 072543)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI072543, R01AI063107)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (P30AR053495, AR 40072, AR-44076, R01AR044076, R37AR040072)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- T follicular helper cells, BCL6, Blimp-1, CD4+ T cell differentiation, transcriptional regulation, B cell-mediated immunity, reciprocal regulation, germinal center
- MeSH terms
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1, Animals, Antibody Formation, Arenaviridae Infections, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Differentiation, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, RNA, Messenger, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Germinal Center, Cell Lineage, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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