Cited by 1,858Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyBacterial biofilms and quorum sensingAntimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus

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Persister Cells

Lewis, Kim·2010·Annual Review of Microbiology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134306

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Abstract

Persisters are dormant variants of regular cells that form stochastically in microbial populations and are highly tolerant to antibiotics. High persister (hip) mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are selected in patients with cystic fibrosis. Similarly, hip mutants of Candida albicans are selected in patients with an oral thrush biofilm. These observations suggest that persisters may be the main culprit responsible for the recalcitrance of chronic infectious disease to antimicrobial therapy. Screening knockout libraries has not produced mutants lacking persisters, indicating that dormancy mechanisms are redundant. Toxin/antitoxin (TA) modules are involved in persister formation in Escherichia coli. The SOS response leads to overexpression of the TisB toxin and persister formation. TisB is a membrane-acting peptide that apparently sends cells into dormancy by decreasing the proton motive force and ATP levels. Stress responses may act as general activators of persister formation. Proteins required for maintaining persisters may represent realistic targets for discovery of drugs capable of effectively treating chronic infections.

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Authors: Lewis, K.
Affiliations: Northeastern University (US)
Corresponding author: Lewis, Kim
ORCID: Lewis, Kim
Venue: Annual Review of Microbiology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2010-10-13
Volume: 64
Issue: 1
Pages: 357-372
ISSN: 0066-4227 (ISSN-L)
1545-3251
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134306
OpenAlex: W4213353716
Cited by: 1,858
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 96 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 124 · 2017: 121 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 132 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 81
FWCI: 7.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM061162)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T-R01AO085585)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Keywords: persister cells, antibiotic tolerance, dormancy, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, cystic fibrosis, toxin-antitoxin systems, SOS response, chronic infection, antimicrobial resistance, stress response, proton motive force, therapeutic target
MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Humans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Fungal

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