Cited by 2,549Cellular transport and secretionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchExtracellular vesicles in disease

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THE SYNAPTIC VESICLE CYCLE

Südhof, Thomas C.·2004·Annual Review of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412

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Abstract

▪ Abstract Neurotransmitter release is mediated by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone of nerve terminals. To support rapid and repeated rounds of release, synaptic vesicles undergo a trafficking cycle. The focal point of the vesicle cycle is Ca 2+-triggered exocytosis that is followed by different routes of endocytosis and recycling. Recycling then leads to the docking and priming of the vesicles for another round of exo- and endocytosis. Recent studies have led to a better definition than previously available of how Ca 2+ triggers exocytosis and how vesicles recycle. In particular, insight into how Munc18-1 collaborates with SNARE proteins in fusion, how the vesicular Ca 2+ sensor synaptotagmin 1 triggers fast release, and how the vesicular Rab3 protein regulates release by binding to the active zone proteins RIM1α and RIM2α has advanced our understanding of neurotransmitter release. The present review attempts to relate these molecular data with physiological results in an emerging view of nerve terminals as macromolecular machines.

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Authors: Südhof, T. C.
Affiliations: Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Südhof, Thomas C.
ORCID: Südhof, Thomas C.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2004-07-21
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Pages: 509-547
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
OpenAlex: W2154100802
Semantic Scholar: 8fb9e39827068555cd78a397fd6915cb9eb0d08a
Cited by: 2,547
References: 208
Citations by year: 2026: 63 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 120 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 144 · 2012: 154
FWCI: 11.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
Keywords: synaptic vesicle recycling, neurotransmitter release, exocytosis, endocytosis, vesicle recycling, calcium-triggered exocytosis, Munc18-1, SNARE proteins, synaptotagmin-1, Rab3, active zone, presynaptic terminals
MeSH terms: Animals, Central Nervous System, Exocytosis, Humans, Membrane Fusion, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Synaptic Transmission, Synaptic Vesicles, Presynaptic Terminals, Neurotransmitter Agents, Calcium Signaling

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