The DOI matches its Crossref record; 109 of the 109 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Proline Metabolism and Microenvironmental Stress
Open accessAbstract
Proline, the only proteinogenic secondary amino acid, is metabolized by its own family of enzymes responding to metabolic stress and participating in metabolic signaling. Collagen in extracellular matrix, connective tissue, and bone is an abundant reservoir for proline. Matrix metalloproteinases degrading collagen are activated during stress to make proline available, and proline oxidase, the first enzyme in proline degradation, is induced by p53, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its ligands, and by AMP-activated protein kinase downregulating mTOR. Metabolism of proline generates electrons to produce ROS and initiates a variety of downstream effects, including blockade of the cell cycle, autophagy, and apoptosis. The electrons can also enter the electron transport chain to produce adenosine triphosphate for survival under nutrient stress. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, the product of proline oxidation, is recycled back to proline with redox transfers or is sequentially converted to glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate. The latter augments the prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its proteasomal degradation. These effects of proline oxidase, as well as its decreased levels in tumors, support its role as a tumor suppressor. The mechanism for its decrease is mediated by a specific microRNA. The metabolic signaling by proline oxidase between oxidized low-density lipoproteins and autophagy provides a functional link between obesity and increased cancer risk.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation
Vander Heiden, M. G., Cantley, L. C., & Thompson, C. B. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1160809 · Cited by 16,197
Coussens, L. M., & Werb, Z. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01322 · Cited by 15,111
Warburg, O. (1956) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.123.3191.309 · Cited by 13,425
The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease
Chen, Y.-T. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 6,928
Cancer genes and the pathways they control
Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1087 · Cited by 4,249
A census of human cancer genes
Futreal, P. A., Coin, L., Marshall, M., Down, T., Hubbard, T., Wooster, R., Rahman, N., & Stratton, M. R. (2004) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1299 · Cited by 3,184
Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes
Greenman, C., Stephens, P., Smith, R., Dalgliesh, G. L., Hunter, C., Bignell, G., Davies, H., Teague, J., Butler, A., Stevens, C., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05610 · Cited by 3,080
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors and Cancer—Trials and Tribulations
Coussens, L. M., Fingleton, B., & Matrisian, L. M. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067100 · Cited by 2,761
How to Interpret LC3 Immunoblotting
Mizushima, N., & Yoshimori, T. (2007) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.4600 · Cited by 2,669 · cited 1×
“By contrast, the oxLDL induction of the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, hallmarks for the onset of autophagy (77), was markedly decreased by POX knockdown.”
Matrix metalloproteinases and the regulation of tissue remodelling
Page-McCaw, A., Ewald, A. J., & Werb, Z. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2125 · Cited by 2,630
Cited by
Cellular Metabolic Stress: Considering How Cells Respond to Nutrient Excess
Wellen, K. E., & Thompson, C. B. (2010) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.10.004 · Cited by 486
Proline-dependent regulation of collagen metabolism
Karna, E., Szoka, L., Huynh, T. Y. L., & Palka, J. A. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03363-3 · Cited by 221
Sex and APOE ε4 genotype modify the Alzheimer’s disease serum metabolome
Arnold, M., Nho, K., Kueider-Paisley, A., Massaro, T., Huynh, K., Brauner, B., MahmoudianDehkordi, S., Louie, G., Moseley, M. A., Thompson, J. W., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14959-w · Cited by 202
Jing, J., Zhang, L., Han, L., Wang, J., Zhang, W., Liu, Z., & Gao, A. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107131 · Cited by 167
Clavijo-Cornejo, D., Martínez-Flores, K., Silva-Luna, K., Martínez-Nava, G. A., Fernández-Torres, J., Zamudio-Cuevas, Y., Guadalupe Santamaría-Olmedo, M., Granados-Montiel, J., Pineda, C., & López-Reyes, A. (2016) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2016/1472567 · Cited by 65
Metadata
- Authors
- Phang, J. M., Liu, W., & Zabirnyk, O.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2010-07-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 441-463
- ISSN
- 0199-9885 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4312
- OpenAlex
- W2133872445
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 109
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Proline Metabolism and Microenvironmental Stress. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104638
- The paper
- Phang, J. M., Liu, W., & Zabirnyk, O. (2010). Proline Metabolism and Microenvironmental Stress. Annual Review of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104638
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
