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THE MANY ROLES OF c-Myc IN APOPTOSIS
Abstract
▪ Abstract The proto-oncogene c-myc encodes a transcription factor c-Myc, which is of great importance in controlling cell growth and vitality. The quantity of c-Myc is carefully controlled by many mechanisms, and its actions to induce and repress genes are modulated by interactions with other regulatory proteins. Understanding the kinetic and quantitative relationships that determine how and what genes c-Myc regulates is essential to understanding how Myc is involved in apoptosis. Reduction of c-myc expression and its inappropriate expression can be associated with cellular apoptosis. This review outlines the nature and regulation of the c-myc gene and of c-Myc and presents the systems and conditions in which Myc-related apoptotic events occur. Hypotheses of the mechanisms by which expression and repression of c-myc lead to apoptosis are discussed.
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“Research indicates that approximately 70% of human cancers involve dysregulated MYC expression.”
From Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as [515]
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“Some studies proved that the differential expression level of c-Myc protein in cells could induce apoptosis (Thompson, 1998).”
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“Blocking myc with antisense oligonucleotides inhibited growth in a variety of transformed cell types ( Thompson, 1998 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialBMAL1 insufficiency increases the risk of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection
Song, W., Fu, G., Li, Q., Huo, C., Xiao, L., Liu, M., Zhang, X., Sun, H., Shen, K., Shi, L., et al. (2025) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaf259 · Cited by 3
Yu, B., Zhang, J., Fu, Q., Han, Y., Zhang, J., Gao, F., Peng, J., Zhang, P., & Zheng, G. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36757-2 · Cited by 3
Zhu, X., Yi, H., Gu, J., Liu, S., Hayashi, K., Ikegami, D., Pardo, M., Toborek, M. J., Roy, S., Li, H., et al. (2024) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000006873 · Cited by 3
Sun, L., Yuan, C., An, X., Kong, L., Zhang, D., Chen, B., Lu, Z., & Liu, J. (2024) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.31385 · Cited by 9
Kroner-Weigl, N., Chu, J., Rudert, M., Alt, V., Shukunami, C., & Docheva, D. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030772 · Cited by 3
Low, E. O. W., Gibbins, J. R., & Walker, D. M. (2000) · Diagnostic Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1097/00019606-200012000-00006 · Cited by 3
“Use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has led to a better understanding of the pathobiology of malignancy, allowing the analysis of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (for example c-myc, ras, and p53) (1,4,49), the detection of minimal residual disease (42), clonality, in identifying gene rearrange…”
BackgroundKrähn, G. M., Greulich, K. M., Bezold, G., Dieterle, C. P., Wolff, H., & Peter, R. U. (1999) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000018277 · Cited by 3
Ren, Y.-Z., Zhao, M.-N., Du, F.-L., Wu, L., Wang, L., & Lou, J.-T. (2026) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-026-03687-y · Cited by 2
Clarke, C. A., Smith, M. A., Laniyan, I., Vaughn, T. R., Parish‐Gause, D., Green, W., & Furbert-Harris, P. M. (2015) · Journal of Cancer Therapy · doi:10.4236/jct.2015.66052 · Cited by 2
“Our results have been affirmed in a number of studies that have shown apoptosis-induction with both increased and decreased c-myc levels [41]-[43].”
ResultXie, D., Wang, S., Jiang, B., Li, G., & Wu, G. (2024) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.205364 · Cited by 2
“In addition, mutations in classical oncogenes such as MYC, TP53, and KRAS cause tumor cells to evade cell AGING cycle regulation and apoptotic signaling, which in turn affects the progression of programmed cell death in tumor cells, resulting in continued disease progression [71–73].”
BackgroundWoo, Y.-R., Kwon, C.-S., Lee, J., Jeon, B.-E., Kim, T., Choo, J., Seo, Y., & Kim, S. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46050278 · Cited by 2
“First, we analyzed the effect of APKH on the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is essential for cell These bio-active compounds could potentially play a signi fi cant role in the anticancer activities observed in DLBCL cells. survival and proliferation [23,24].”
BackgroundGrowth Factor Signaling Pathways in Cancer
Kalderon, D. (2004) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-664-5_9 · Cited by 2
Ghosh, P., Bhardwaj, D., & Karnik, R. (2007) · ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) · Cited by 2
Fujiwara, S. (2001) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56515-1_3 · Cited by 2
Tanizaki, Y., Shibata, Y., Na, W., & Shi, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1184013 · Cited by 1
Tian, C., Li, H., Liu, T., Xu, J., Guo, H., Zhang, X., Yang, J., Ning, J., Peng, C., Peng, J., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.4c02038 · Cited by 1
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and c-Myc inhibit hepatocyte suspension under simulated microgravity
Xiong, Y., Ma, C., Xie, J., Chen, Z., Zhang, K., & Lei, X. (2025) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-025-00541-5 · Cited by 1
“…increased the number of cells in the suspension state, while c-Myc overexpression decreased it, suggesting that c-Myc plays a key role in maintaining the attached state of hepatocytes under SMG. MYC is a well-known tran-scriptionfactorthatregulateofcellproliferation 15 ,growth 17 ,andapoptosis 28 .”
To live or die - a cell's choice
Link, M., & Harrison, D. J. (2001) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/bse0370109 · Cited by 1
“However, B-cell lymphomas may be protected from apoptosis by c-Myc expression [4].”
BackgroundGuo, Y., Han, Y., Li, Z., Ji, J., Zhu, T., Du, Y., & Dong, S. (2022) · Anti-Cancer Drugs · doi:10.1097/cad.0000000000001444 · Cited by 1
Combining CRISPR activation and interference capabilities using dCas9 and G-quadruplex structures
Kabir, M. L., Kodikara, S. G., Hoque, M. E., Shiekh, S. A., Alfehaid, J., Basu, S., & Balci, H. (2025) · NAR Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1093/narmme/ugaf001 · Cited by 1
In silico analysis of SNPs in coding region of human c-Myc gene.
Noreen, M., Murad, S., & Khan, H. A. (2015) · Pakistan Journal of Zoology · Cited by 1
Yıldız, M., Terzi, H., Yıldız, S. H., Varol, N., Erdoğan, M. Ö., Kasap, M., Akçalı, N., & Solak, M. (2020) · TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.3906/sag-2005-321 · Cited by 1
“Down-regulation of c-Myc is associated with the stimulation of apoptosis in some cancer cells [44,45].”
BackgroundEstrogen and c-myc Protooncogene Actions in Human Breast Cancer
Shiu, R. P. C., Dubik, D., Venditti, M., Sparling, J. D., Iwasiow, B. M., & Watson, P. H. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2092-3_22 · Cited by 1
Archer, C., Trott, P. A., & Dowsett, M. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-222-7_9 · Cited by 1
DESIGNING CUSTOMISED GENE EXPRESSION ARRAYS BASED ON SPECIFIC BIOLOGICAL QUESTIONS OR FUNCTIONS
Khalid, S., Grazio, D., Wang, P., Liu, X., & Li, S. (2007) · Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science · doi:10.3233/jid-2007-11306
“Focussing on the gene MYC, known to be involved in the genesis of a wide range of cancers promoting cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis (Dang, 1999; Eisenman, 2001; Grandori, 2000; Thompson, 1998; Schmidt, 1999), it is seen to be involved in the aforementioned processes using the BioGO.”
BackgroundRole of CPEB in Senescence and Inflammation: A Dissertation
Ivshina, M. P. (2010) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.13028/fdzp-7b75
“1989), but can induce apoptosis as well (Thompson 1998).”
BackgroundPolzer, B. M. (2006) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.6002
Sheng, L. (2017) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · doi:10.15781/t26t0hb97
MicroRNAs regulate Dendritic Cell Development and Function
Schnorfeil, F. M. (2011) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.13793
Role of c-Myc and CD34 oncoproteins expression in early and late phases of hepatocarcinogenesis
El-maksoud, A. A. A., & Elazez, T. A. E. A. (2011) · Egyptian Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1097/01.xej.0000398108.88640.3f
Arrays to detect Erring Factors of Endometrial Origin in Endometriosis
Bhusane, K., Gajbhiye, R., Chaudhari, U. K., & Sachdeva, G. (2015) · MGM Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10036-1042
Metadata
- Authors
- Thompson, E. B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, E. Brad
- ORCID
- Thompson, E. Brad
- Venue
- Annual Review of Physiology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 575-600
- ISSN
- 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1585
- OpenAlex
- W2104373533
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Keywords
- c-Myc, c-myc proto-oncogene, apoptosis, transcription factor regulation, gene expression regulation, gene repression, cell growth regulation, transcriptional regulation
- MeSH terms
- Proto-Oncogene Mas, Animals, Humans, Genes, myc, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc, Apoptosis
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