The DOI matches its Crossref record; 146 of the 146 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mechanisms of Sperm Chemotaxis
Abstract
Sperm are attracted by chemical factors that are released by the egg-a process called chemotaxis. Most of our knowledge on sperm chemotaxis originates from the study of marine invertebrates. In recent years, the main features of the chemotactic signaling pathway and the swimming behavior evoked by chemoattractants have been elucidated in sea urchins. In contrast, our understanding of mammalian sperm chemotaxis is still rudimentary and subject to an ongoing debate. In this review, we raise new questions and discuss current concepts of sperm chemotaxis. Finally, we highlight commonalities and differences of sensory signaling in sperm, photoreceptors, and olfactory neurons.
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“Various single-celled eukaryotes (protists) and the ciliated larvae of sponges devoid of neurons can display sophisticated behaviours, including phototaxis, gravitaxis or chemotaxis.”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [31]
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BackgroundProgesterone activates the principal Ca2+ channel of human sperm
Lishko, P. V., Botchkina, I. L., & Kirichok, Y. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09767 · Cited by 617
Control of hyperactivation in sperm
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Rheotaxis Guides Mammalian Sperm
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“Regardless of fluid flow, these sea urchin sperm swam in circular planes (Movie S12B), consistent with the behavior of sperm from marine invertebrates that are not guided by marine currents but swim in concentric circles until encountering chemoattractants that turn and widen their arcs of circular motion [39].”
Acid Extrusion from Human Spermatozoa Is Mediated by Flagellar Voltage-Gated Proton Channel
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“Here, we report the successful application of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to ejaculated human spermatozoa, which will allow studies of ion channels that control sperm motility, chemotaxis, and the acrosome reaction (Darszon et al., 2006; Kaupp et al., 2008; Navarro et al., 2008; Suarez, 2008) in completely ma…”
Calcium Channels in the Development, Maturation, and Function of Spermatozoa
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“In spite of this, there is evidence suggesting that CaV3 channels may participate in sea urchin sperm chemotaxis (284, 563).”
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“%) are seen to respond chemotactically to physiological secretions, making the identification of active agents difficult (reviewed by M Eisenbach in this volume and Kaupp et al., 2007).”
BackgroundStructure, biology, evolution, and medical importance of sulfated fucans and galactans
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The Control of Male Fertility by Spermatozoan Ion Channels
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“A more recent variation of this model proposes that cyclic nucleotides activate the hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide– gated (HCN) channels, resulting in the depolarization and subsequent opening of Ca2+ channels (79, 152).”
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The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm
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InfluentialIntracellular pH in sperm physiology
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Molecular Mechanism for Human Sperm Chemotaxis Mediated by Progesterone
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“Calcium signaling plays a key role in sperm physiology [1,16,17], and it is well established that P at nM-mM concentrations can elevate [Ca]i in mammalian sperm.”
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Oberholzer, M., Langousis, G., Nguyen, H. T., Saada, E. A., Shimogawa, M. M., Jónsson, Z. O., Nguyen, S. M., Wohlschlegel, J. A., & Hill, K. L. (2011) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1074/mcp.m111.010538 · Cited by 145
“In other organisms, flagellum-dependent signaling is dominated by three signal transduction pathways: cyclic nucleotide signaling, Ca(2) signaling and phosphorylation cascades initiated by receptor-kinases on the flagellar membrane (2, 8).”
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The insect spermatheca: an overview
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Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots
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Human sperm rheotaxis: a passive physical process
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Emergence of Upstream Swimming via a Hydrodynamic Transition
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The Ca2+-activated K+ current of human sperm is mediated by Slo3
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“Navigation, capacitation, hyperactivation, and acrosomal exocytosis are controlled by changes in intracellular pH (pHi), membrane voltage (Vm), and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca]i) (Ho and Suarez, 2001; Eisenbach and Giojalas, 2006; Florman et al., 2008; Kaupp et al., 2008; Publicover et al., 2008).”
The Trypanosoma brucei Flagellum: Moving Parasites in New Directions
Ralston, K. S., Kabututu, Z. P., Melehani, J. H., Oberholzer, M., & Hill, K. L. (2009) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073353 · Cited by 119
“In mammalian sperm, flagellar cyclic nucleotide and calcium signaling are crucial for chemotaxis and maturation (32, 38, 61).”
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Su, T., Choi, I., Feng, J., Huang, K., McLeod, E. J., & Özcan, A. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01664 · Cited by 116
Chemotactic Guidance of Synthetic Organic/Inorganic Payloads Functionalized Sperm Micromotors
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Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion
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Bimodal rheotactic behavior reflects flagellar beat asymmetry in human sperm cells
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“Earlier studies of human sperm locomotion have identified several potential steering and transport mechanisms, including thermotaxis (4), uterine peristalsis (29, 30), and chemotaxis (14, 16, 31), but their relative importance has yet to be quantified.”
BackgroundTuning sperm chemotaxis by calcium burst timing
Guerrero, A., Nishigaki, T., Carneiro, J., Tatsu, Y., Wood, C. D., & Darszon, A. (2010) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.013 · Cited by 108
Rediscovering sperm ion channels with the patch-clamp technique
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“Each turn is caused by a brief asymmetrical tail motion that is triggered by a transient elevation of Ca2+ in the sperm flagellum (Kaupp et al., 2008; Guerrero et al., 2010).”
BackgroundThe rate of change in Ca2+ concentration controls sperm chemotaxis
Alvarez, L., Dai, L., Friedrich, B. M., Kashikar, N. D., Gregor, I., Pascal, R., & Kaupp, U. B. (2012) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201106096 · Cited by 107
“The binding of chemoattractant molecules to surface receptors initiates a series of signaling events that produce Ca2+ signals in the flagellum (Matsumoto et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007; Kaupp et al., 2008; Shiba et al., 2008).”
Salek, M. M., Carrara, F., Fernandez, V. I., Guasto, J., & Stocker, R. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09521-2 · Cited by 101
Mechanical Signaling in Networks of Motor and Cytoskeletal Proteins
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“Sea urchin sperm chemotax: They target eggs in the open water by swimming up a concentration gradient of a small peptide that they detect through a sensitive guanyly-cyclase receptor pathway (34).”
BackgroundSwimming with magnets: From biological organisms to synthetic devices
Klumpp, S., Lefèvre, C., Bennet, M., & Faivre, D. (2019) · Physics reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2018.10.007 · Cited by 78
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“Changes in motility pattern have been related to different factors: cryopreservation protocols [26], effect of stimulants [40], time after release to water in fish [41], chemotaxis [42], or the hyperactivation subsequent to the capacitation process in mammals [43, 44].”
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The stochastic dance of circling sperm cells: sperm chemotaxis in the plane
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“A chemoattractant receptor becomes activated upon binding a chemoattractant molecule and deactivates again on a timescale of 300ms [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialRethinking the Relationship Between Hyperactivation and Chemotaxis in Mammalian Sperm1
Chang, H., & Suárez, S. S. (2010) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.109.083113 · Cited by 97
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The CatSper channel controls chemosensation in sea urchin sperm
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“Important components and cellular events of this signaling pathway have been identified (reviewed in Darszon et al, 2008; Kaupp et al, 2008; Alvarez et al, 2014).”
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“, 2011), and the consequent modulation of intracellular calcium concentrations that change flagellar activity (Kaupp et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSteering Chiral Swimmers along Noisy Helical Paths
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Fluoride-induced apoptosis and gene expression profiling in mice sperm in vivo
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“Interestingly, signal transduction is involved to diverse sperm biological function as capacitation, acrosome reaction, hyperactiviation, chemotaxis, and sperm– egg fusion (Eisenbach and Giojalas 2006; Kaupp et al. 2008; Suarez 2008).”
BackgroundSperm chemotaxis, fluid shear, and the evolution of sexual reproduction
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Two Distinct Ca2+ Signaling Pathways Modulate Sperm Flagellar Beating Patterns in Mice1
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“This alternation forms a ‘‘turn and run’’ pattern, which produces a loosely helical configuration with an axis that is directed toward the source of the attractant (for review, see [68]).”
BackgroundSpeciation Genes in Free-Spawning Marine Invertebrates
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“Many molecules on gamete surfaces are known to mediate these steps and many more remain to be discovered (reviews by Ward and Kopf 1993; Vacquier 1998; Neill and Vacquier 2004; Kaupp et al. 2006; Vieira and Miller 2006; Hirohashi et al. 2008; Kaupp et al. 2008).”
BackgroundThe computational worm: spatial orientation and its neuronal basis in C. elegans
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Chemosensory Ca2+ Dynamics Correlate with Diverse Behavioral Phenotypes in Human Sperm
Veitinger, T., Riffell, J. R., Veitinger, S., Nascimento, J. M., Triller, A., Chandsawangbhuwana, C., Schwane, K., Geerts, A., Wunder, F., Berns, M. W., et al. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.211524 · Cited by 79
An Atypical CNG Channel Activated by a Single cGMP Molecule Controls Sperm Chemotaxis
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“Ca entry is controlled by a guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP)–signaling pathway that involves a chemoattractant receptor and various ion channels (6).”
BackgroundEnergetics of fish spermatozoa: The proven and the possible
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“While much has been learned about sperm motility in aquatic species [5,6], the mechanisms that guide sperm to oocytes in internally fertilizing animals are less well understood.”
BackgroundSimulating nature in sperm selection for assisted reproduction
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Sperm form and function in the absence of sperm competition
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“Furthermore, measures of fitness or sperm function should be identified and assessed, such as the ability to initiate Ca2þ signaling pathways for changes in sperm flagellar output associated with chemotaxis (Darszon et al., 2006; Kaupp et al., 2008) or sperm hyperactivation (Suarez and Ho, 2003; Suarez, 2008).”
BackgroundFactors controlling sperm migration through the oviduct revealed by gene-modified mouse models
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“COC factors that modulate sperm functions Sperm chemotaxis is found in not only marine invertebrates but also mammals [44].”
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“For example, spermatozoa of the sea urchin A. punctulata will swim in to circles until sensing the resact molecule, which will result in rapid, specific ‘turn-and-run’ trajectories to approach the source of the attractant molecules (Kaupp et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialSaada, E. A., Kabututu, Z. P., López, M., Shimogawa, M. M., Langousis, G., Oberholzer, M., Riestra, A. M., Jónsson, Z. O., Wohlschlegel, J. A., & Hill, K. L. (2014) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00019-14 · Cited by 69
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Cooperative and uncooperative cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channels
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Advances in sperm analysis: techniques, discoveries and applications
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Potassium Channels Keep Mobile Cells on the Go
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Applying Movement Ecology to Marine Animals with Complex Life Cycles
Allen, R. M., Meta×as, A., & Snelgrove, P. V. R. (2017) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063134 · Cited by 65
Smith, C. L., Reese, T. S., Govezensky, T., & Barrio, R. A. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1815655116 · Cited by 62
“Some larger cells, such as sperm, are able to adjust their helical paths so as to steer more persistently up the gradient (37, 38, 40, 41).”
BackgroundOptimal Prediction by Cellular Signaling Networks
Becker, N. B., Mugler, A., & ten Wolde, P. R. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.115.258103 · Cited by 63
Levin, R. J. (2011) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02162.x · Cited by 62
Independent Control of the Static and Dynamic Components of the Chlamydomonas Flagellar Beat
Geyer, V. F., Sartori, P., Friedrich, B. M., Jülicher, F., & Howard, J. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.053 · Cited by 62
Characterization of rheotaxis of bull sperm using microfluidics
El-Sherry, T. M., Elsayed, M., Hafez, H. K. A., & Abdelgawad, M. O. (2014) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1039/c4ib00196f · Cited by 61
Flagellar cAMP signaling controls trypanosome progression through host tissues
Shaw, S., DeMarco, S. F., Rehmann, R., Wenzler, T., Florini, F., Roditi, I. J., & Hill, K. L. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08696-y · Cited by 59
A K+-selective CNG channel orchestrates Ca2+ signalling in zebrafish sperm
Fechner, S., Alvarez, L., Bönigk, W., Müller, A., Berger, T. K., Pascal, R., Trötschel, C., Poetsch, A., Stölting, G., Siegfried, K. R., et al. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.07624 · Cited by 57
“These sensory cues activate various cellular signalling pathways that ultimately control the intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca]i) and, thereby, the flagellar beat and swimming behaviours (Alvarez et al., 2012; Darszon et al., 2008; Eisenbach and Giojalas, 2006; Florman et al., 2008; Guerrero et al., 2010; Ho and Sua…”
BackgroundGuerrero, A., Carneiro, J., Pimentel, J. A., Wood, C. D., Corkidi, G., & Darszon, A. (2011) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gar042 · Cited by 54
“In this section, we review current knowledge of sperm chemotaxis of marine spermatozoa in 2D [((Darszon et al., 2008; Kaupp et al., 2008; Guerrero et al., 2010b); mammalian sperm chemotaxis is reviewed in (Publicover et al., 2007; Kaupp et al., 2008; Chang and Suarez, 2010))].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPolyspermy prevention: facts and artifacts?
Dale, B., & DeFelice, L. J. (2010) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-010-9513-5 · Cited by 55
“To ensure gamete encounter, spermatozoa are attracted towards the oocyte or gonangial extract by specific chemo-attractants [16, 61 , 71, 75].”
Flow-Free Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Chemotaxis in Spermatozoa
Berendsen, J. T. W., Kruit, S. A., Atak, N., Willink, E., & Segerink, L. I. (2020) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05183 · Cited by 55
Regulation of flagellar motility by the conserved flagellar protein CG34110/Ccdc135/FAP50
Yang, Y. G., Cochran, D. A., Gargano, M. D., King, I., Samhat, N. K., Burger, B. P., Sabourin, K. R., Hou, Y., Awata, J., Parry, D. A. D., et al. (2011) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e10-04-0331 · Cited by 54
“A well-known mechanism for eliciting motility changes is alteration of intraflagellar Ca2+ concentrations (Kaupp et al., 2008; King, 2010).”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Xiao, R., Yin, T., Zou, W., Tang, Y., Ding, J., & Yang, J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142555 · Cited by 53
“The population of sperm which can fertilize the egg is even smaller [1, 2].”
BackgroundSeparation of Progressive Motile Sperm from Mouse Semen Using On-chip Chemotaxis
Ko, Y., Maeng, J., Lee, B. C., Lee, S., Hwang, S. Y., & Ahn, Y. (2012) · Analytical Sciences · doi:10.2116/analsci.28.27 · Cited by 51
Dynamics of a microorganism moving by chemotaxis in its own secretion
Sengupta, A., van Teeffelen, S., & Löwen, H. (2009) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.80.031122 · Cited by 50
Sperm motility in modulated microchannels
Rode, S., Elgeti, J., & Gompper, G. (2018) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aaf544 · Cited by 50
Krähling, A. M., Alvarez, L., Debowski, K., Van, Q., Gunkel, M., Irsen, S. H., Al‐Amoudi, A., Strünker, T., Kremmer, E., Krause, E., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003960 · Cited by 49
Melatonin in Sperm Biology: Breaking Paradigms
Cebrián-Pérez, J. Á., Casao, A., González-Arto, M., Hamilton, T. D. S., Pérez‐Pé, R., & Muiño-Blanco, T. (2014) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/rda.12378 · Cited by 48
“…mechanism by which sperm are guided by a chemical gradient to reach the oocyte has been well documented in marine invertebrates with external fertilization (Reviewed by (Kaupp et al. 2008)) and, more recently, has been evidenced in mammalian sperm (reviewed in (Eisenbach and Giojalas 2006)).”
BackgroundDrosophila Sperm Motility in the Reproductive Tract1
Yang, Y. G., & Lu, X. (2011) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.110.088773 · Cited by 48
“A general phenomenon related to sperm in chemotactic settings is that only a small fraction (usually ,10%) respond chemotactically to physiological secretions (for review, see [1, 19]).”
BackgroundFemale gametophyte-controlled pollen tube guidance
Márton, M. L., & Dresselhaus, T. (2010) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0380627 · Cited by 47
Konno, A., Setou, M., & Ikegami, K. (2012) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394305-7.00003-3 · Cited by 55
K+ and Cl− Channels and Transporters in Sperm Function
Santi, C. M., Orta, G., Salkoff, L., Visconti, P. E., Darszon, A., & Treviño, C. L. (2012) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416024-8.00014-3 · Cited by 42
Chang, H., Kim, B. J., Kim, Y. S., Suárez, S. S., & Wu, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060587 · Cited by 41
“Sperm chemotaxis, where sperm are guided toward eggs by their secretions, has been demonstrated to occur in some species [5,6]; however, it is not clear if chemotaxis is a universal strategy for sperm of all species to find eggs.”
BackgroundUpward swimming of a sperm cell in shear flow
Omori, T., & Ishikawa, T. (2016) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.93.032402 · Cited by 41
A comparison of early molecular fertilization mechanisms in animals and flowering plants
Márton, M. L., & Dresselhaus, T. (2008) · Sexual Plant Reproduction · doi:10.1007/s00497-007-0062-8 · Cited by 41
“In turn, this affects flagellar motion and finally determines the direction of movement (Ramarao and Garbers 1985; Bentley et al. 1986; Nishigaki et al. 2000; Matsumoto et al. 2003; Neill and Vacquier 2004; Kaupp et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialTemporal sampling, resetting, and adaptation orchestrate gradient sensing in sperm
Kashikar, N. D., Alvarez, L., Seifert, R., Gregor, I., Jäckle, O., Beyermann, M., Krause, E., & Kaupp, U. B. (2012) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201204024 · Cited by 41
“Sperm are attracted to the egg by chemical substances, a process called chemotaxis (Eisenbach and Giojalas, 2006; Kaupp et al., 2008).”
Human sperm pattern of movement during chemotactic re-orientation towards a progesterone source
Blengini, C. S., Teves, M. E., Uñates, D. R., Guidobaldi, H. A., Gatica, L. V., & Giojalas, L. C. (2011) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1038/aja.2011.27 · Cited by 38
Laboratory on sea urchin fertilization
Vacquier, V. D. (2011) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.21360 · Cited by 38
“A single sperm cell can sense one molecule of resact bound to its flagellum (Kaupp et al., 2008).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaupp, U. B., Kashikar, N. D., & Weyand, I.
- Affiliations
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Physiology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2008-03-01
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-117
- ISSN
- 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1585
- OpenAlex
- W2155214806
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- sperm chemotaxis, chemotactic signaling, chemoattractants, sea urchin sperm, mammalian sperm, sensory signaling, photoreceptors, olfactory sensory neurons
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chemotaxis, Humans, Male, Sperm Motility, Spermatozoa, Signal Transduction
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