CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 489Social and Intergroup PsychologyPsychology of Social InfluenceSocial Power and Status Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Interests, Relationships, Identities: Three Central Issues for Individuals and Groups in Negotiating Their Social Environment

Open access
Kelman, Herbert C.·2006·Annual Review of Psychology
DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190156
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

This chapter begins with a summary of a model, developed half a century ago, that distinguishes three qualitatively different processes of social influence: compliance, identification, and internalization. The model, originally geared to and experimentally tested in the context of persuasive communication, was subsequently applied to influence in the context of long-term relationships, including psychotherapy, international exchanges, and the socialization of national/ethnic identity. It has been extended to analysis of the relationship of individuals to social systems. Individuals' rule, role, and value orientations to a system—conceptually linked to compliance, identification, and internalization—predict different reactions to their own violations of societal standards, different patterns of personal involvement in the political system, and differences in attitude toward authorities and readiness to obey. In a further extension of the model, three approaches to peacemaking in international or intergroup conflicts are identified—conflict settlement, conflict resolution, and reconciliation—which, respectively, focus on the accommodation of interests, relationships, and identities, and are conducive to changes at the level of compliance, identification, and internalization.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190156

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 57 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. French JRP, 1959, Studies in Social Power, 150
  2. Katz D, 1964, Peace Res. Soc. (Intern.) Papers, 1, 113
  3. Katz D, 1970, Peace Res. Soc. (Intern.) Papers, 14, 1
  4. Kelman HC, 1968, Soc. Educ., 32, 661
  5. Kelman HC, 1980, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1979: Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs, 117
  6. Kelman HC, 1982, Ethical Issues in Social Science Research, 40
  7. Kelman HC, 1993, Swarthmore Papers, 1, 33
  8. Turner JC, 1991, Social Influence

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Kelman, H. C.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Kelman, Herbert C.
ORCID
Kelman, Herbert C.
Venue
Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
2006-01-01
Volume
57
Issue
1
Pages
1-26
ISSN
  • 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-2085
DOI
10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190156
OpenAlex
W2147623517
Cited by
489
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 23
FWCI
3.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Keywords
social influence, compliance, identification, internalization, persuasive communication, long-term relationships, psychotherapy, international exchange, ethnic identity, political participation, attitudes toward authority, obedience, conflict resolution, reconciliation, intergroup conflict, peacemaking
MeSH terms
Attitude, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Politics, Social Dominance, Social Environment, Social Identification, Negotiating

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review