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Chest CT for Typical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: Relationship to Negative RT-PCR Testing
Open accessAbstract
Some patients with positive chest CT findings may present with negative results of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, the authors present chest CT findings from five patients with COVID-19 infection who had initial negative RT-PCR results. All five patients had typical imaging findings, including ground-glass opacity (five patients) and/or mixed ground-glass opacity and mixed consolidation (two patients). After isolation for presumed COVID-19 pneumonia, all patients were eventually confirmed to have COVID-19 infection by means of repeated swab tests. A combination of repeated swab tests and CT scanning may be helpful for individuals with a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection but negative findings at RT-PCR screening.
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“There are currently a number of different ways to detect COVID-19, whereas computed tomography and X-rays remain the major surgical techniques [80–82].”
From A comprehensive survey on federated learning techniques for healthcare informatics (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
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Cited by
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Hussein, A. M., Sharifai, A. G., Alia, O. M., Abualigah, L., Almotairi, K. H., Abujayyab, S. K. M., & Gandomi, A. H. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47038-3 · Cited by 47
“This is necessary because RT-PCR testing has a relatively low sensitivity, ranging between 60 and 70% 15,16 .”
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Piras, A., Rizzo, D., Uzzau, S., RIU, G. D., Rubino, S., & Bussu, F. (2020) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599820931793 · Cited by 41
Medical imaging and computational image analysis in COVID-19 diagnosis: A review
Nabavi, S., Ejmalian, A., Moghaddam, M. E., Abin, A. A., Frangi, A. F., Mohammadi, M. H., & Rad, H. S. (2021) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104605 · Cited by 44
Green chemistry and coronavirus
Ahmadi, S., Rabiee, N., Fatahi, Y., Hooshmand, S. E., Bagherzadeh, M., Rabiee, M., Jajarmi, V., Dinarvand, R., Habibzadeh, S., Saeb, M. R., et al. (2021) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2021.100415 · Cited by 42
Convolutional neural networks for the diagnosis and prognosis of the coronavirus disease pandemic
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Qasem, A., Shaw, A. M., Elkamel, E., & Naser, S. A. (2021) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb43020053 · Cited by 43
Deep Learning Algorithm for COVID-19 Classification Using Chest X-Ray Images
Sharmila, V. J., & Florinabel, D. J. (2021) · Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/9269173 · Cited by 42
“[17] examined RT-PCR outcomes in five patients with unfavorable results.”
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An Efficient Deep Learning Method for Detection of COVID-19 Infection Using Chest X-ray Images
Nayak, S. R., Nayak, D. R., Sinha, U., Arora, V., & Pachori, R. B. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13010131 · Cited by 49
“However, manual visual inspection of both CXR and CT images is time-taking and tedious which may sometimes result in an inaccurate diagnosis [7,10].”
Hariri, W., & Narin, A. (2021) · Soft Computing · doi:10.1007/s00500-021-06137-x · Cited by 44
“They showed high efficiency in diagnosing COVID-19 especially patients with false-negative RT-PCR results, assuming a role for the CT as a reliable tool for COVID-19 diagnosis during this epidemic period [14, 15, 11, 16].”
MethodInfluentialMachine learning for medical imaging‐based COVID‐19 detection and diagnosis
Rehouma, R., Büchert, M., & Chen, Y. P. (2021) · International Journal of Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/int.22504 · Cited by 44
“13,57,58 Some studies 11,14,59 investigated the diagnostic value of CT as compared with RT ‐ PCR for COVID ‐ 19 disease and concluded that CT scanned images had high sensitivity (97% – 98”
ResultInui, S., Gonoi, W., Kurokawa, R., Nakai, Y., Watanabe, Y., Sakurai, K., Ishida, M., Fujikawa, A., & Abe, O. (2021) · Insights into Imaging · doi:10.1186/s13244-021-01096-1 · Cited by 42
Siddhartha, M., & Santra, A. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.13873 · Cited by 67
“However, in those misdiagnosed cases, symptoms can be detected when examined through radiological images [4] [5].”
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Al-Timemy, A. H., Khushaba, R. N., Mosa, Z. M., & Escudero, J. (2021) · Studies in Systems, Decision and Control · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69744-0_6 · Cited by 41
“Radiology can be utilized to help in the detection of COVID-19 in images of Computerized Tomography (CT) [3,8–10] or X-rays [4,11,12] since darkened spots and also opacities that looks like ground glass, can be observed [3].”
MethodThe outlook for diagnostic purposes of the 2019‐novel coronavirus disease
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“However, unsatisfactory sensitivity of nucleic acid detection kits in clinical application has been reported repeatedly (Li et al. 2020a; Xie et al. 2020).”
BackgroundDeng, X. H., Shao, H., Shi, L., Wang, X., & Xie, T. (2020) · Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences · doi:10.32604/cmes.2020.011920 · Cited by 41
Diagnosis Methods for COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Maia, R., Carvalho, V. M., Faria, B., Miranda, I., Catarino, S. O., Teixeira, S., Lima, R. A., Minas, G. M. H., & Ribeiro, J. (2022) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13081349 · Cited by 41
Su, D., Chen, Y., He, K., Zhang, T., Tan, M., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.04.23.20077545 · Cited by 40
Lei, P., Huang, Z., Liu, G., Wang, P., Song, W., Mao, J., Shen, G., Zhou, S., Qian, W., & Jiao, J. (2020) · Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology · doi:10.3233/xst-200670 · Cited by 39
Byrne, D., Neill, S. B. O., Müller, N. L., Muller, C., Walsh, J., Jalal, S., Parker, W., Bilawich, A.-M., & Nicolaou, S. (2020) · Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal · doi:10.1177/0846537120938328 · Cited by 40
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Etienne, E. E., Nunna, B. B., Talukder, N., Wang, Y., & Lee, E. S. (2021) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering8070098 · Cited by 40
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“Moreover, in some cases, the RT-PCR test could encounter false-negative rates which means that the patient is experiencing COVID-19 but the result of the test is negative [10–12].”
Tavare, A. N., Braddy-Green, A., Brill, S., Jarvis, H., Sivaramakrishnan, A., Barnett, J. L., Creer, D. D., & Hare, S. S. (2020) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214916 · Cited by 40
A Precision Medicine Approach to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Management
Crisci, C. D., Ardusso, L., Mossuz, A., & Müller, L. (2020) · Current Treatment Options in Allergy · doi:10.1007/s40521-020-00258-8 · Cited by 41
“However, chest CT abnormalities have also been identified in patients prior to the development of symptoms and even prior to the detection of viral RNA from upper respiratory samples [19, 21] .”
BackgroundAlam, M., Alam, M., Nazir, K. H. M. N. H., & Bhuiyan, M. A. B. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research · doi:10.5455/javar.2020.g410 · Cited by 40
“[52] reported that 5/167 (3%) patients, who had negative RT-qPCR for COVID-19 at the initial stage of COVID-19 but conduction of chest CT, confirmed viral pneumonia at the early stage.”
BackgroundUmer, M. J., Amin, J., Sharif, M. I., Anjum, M. A., Azam, F., & Shah, J. H. (2021) · Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/cpe.6434 · Cited by 41
RetractedExploration of Interpretability Techniques for Deep COVID-19 Classification Using Chest X-ray Images
Chatterjee, S., Saad, F., Sarasaen, C., Ghosh, S., Krug, V., Khatun, R., Mishra, R., Desai, N., Radeva, P. I., Rose, G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Imaging · doi:10.3390/jimaging10020045 · Cited by 46
“In this context, Chest radiography (CXR) and Computed Tomography (CT) have been widely used in front-line hospitals for diagnosing COVID-19 cases [9, 10, 11].”
MethodResultDe-isolating Coronavirus Disease 2019 Suspected Cases: A Continuing Challenge
Tay, J. Y., Lim, P. L., Marimuthu, K., Sadarangani, S. P., Ling, L. M., Ang, B. S. P., Chan, M., Leo, Y., & Vasoo, S. S. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa179 · Cited by 39
“Current evidence suggests that transmission of COVID-19 may be possible even from asymptomatic contacts [3], and polymerase chain reaction testing may not return positive initially [4].”
BackgroundCiccarese, F., Coppola, F., Spinelli, D., Galletta, G. L., Lucidi, V., Paccapelo, A., Benedittis, C. D., Balacchi, C., & Golfieri, R. (2020) · Radiology Cardiothoracic Imaging · doi:10.1148/ryct.2020200312 · Cited by 39
Chest CT in patients with a moderate or high pretest probability of COVID-19 and negative swab
Giannitto, C., Sposta, F. M., Repici, A., Vatteroni, G., Casiraghi, E., Casari, E., Ferraroli, G. M., Fugazza, A., Sandri, M. T., Chiti, A., et al. (2020) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-020-01269-w · Cited by 40
Rosenthal, P. J. (2020) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0216 · Cited by 39
“This is unfortunate, as it appears that COVID-19 patients commonly have negative tests early in the course of illness, at times with abnormal chest imaging, as in the described case report and in a report from China, 6 but the limited supply of tests necessitates restrictive testing algorithms that do not incorporate…”
BackgroundPatient follow‐up after discharge after COVID‐19 pneumonia: Considerations for infectious control
Zheng, Z., Yao, Z., Wu, K., & Zheng, J. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25994 · Cited by 38
Nucleic Acid Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Demand, Research Progression, and Perspective
Zhang, S., Su, X., Wang, J., Chen, M., Li, C., Li, T., Ge, S., & Xia, N. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1080/10408347.2020.1805294 · Cited by 39
Williams, T. C., Wastnedge, E., McAllister, G., Bhatia, R., Cuschieri, K. S., Kefala, K., Hamilton, F., Johannessen, I., Laurenson, I. F., Shepherd, J., et al. (2020) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16342.1 · Cited by 39
Shaheed, K., Szczuko, P., Abbas, Q., Hussain, A., & Albathan, M. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11060837 · Cited by 42
“Several researchers have also produced and made chest X-ray images of COVID-19 patients accessible in public databases [15,16].”
BackgroundMethodCOVIDPEN: A Novel COVID-19 Detection Model using Chest X-Rays and CT ScansPreprint
Jaiswal, A. K., Tiwari, P., Rathi, V. K., Qian, J., Pandey, H. M., & de Albuquerque, V. H. C. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.08.20149161 · Cited by 39
“In [2], the authors point out that the false negative result produced by PCR is due to the inappropriate way of extraction of nucleic acid from clinical substrates and lesser cellular material for identification.”
BackgroundLiu, X., Lin, H., Jiang, H., Li, R., Zhong, N., Su, H., Li, Y., & Zhao, M. (2020) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100222 · Cited by 38
Chen, H., Qiu, J., Wu, B., Huang, T., Gao, Y., Wang, Z. P., Chen, Y., & Chen, F. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06978-4 · Cited by 38
Using CFW-Net Deep Learning Models for X-Ray Images to Detect COVID-19 Patients
Wang, W., Liu, H., Li, J., Nie, H., & Wang, X. (2020) · International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems · doi:10.2991/ijcis.d.201123.001 · Cited by 38
“However,RT-PCRkitsareexpensive,and ittakes6to9hourstoconfirminfectioninthepatient[2].”
Özel, M., Aslan, A., & Araç, S. (2021) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-021-01335-x · Cited by 38
“[14] suggested that positive CT findings of a viral pneumonia may be a strong suspect for COVID-19 even though RT-PCR result was negative.”
BackgroundMohammed, M. A., Al‐Khateeb, B., Yousif, M. J., Mostafa, S. A., Kadry, S., Abdulkareem, K. H., & García-Zapirain, B. (2022) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2022/1307944 · Cited by 38
An Integrated Radiologic-Pathologic Understanding of COVID-19 Pneumonia
Lee, J. H., Koh, J., Jeon, Y. K., Goo, J. M., & Yoon, S. H. (2023) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.222600 · Cited by 40
Low-Dose Chest CT for the Diagnosis of COVID-19
Schulze-Hagen, M. F., Hübel, C., Meier-Schroers, M., Yüksel, C., Sander, A., Sähn, M.-J., Kleines, M., Isfort, P., Cornelissen, C. G., Lemmen, S., et al. (2020) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0389 · Cited by 37
“Furthermore, serial LDCT and swab examinations showed that LDCT identified positive patients up to five days faster than swab/RT-PCR for 60% to 93% of patients (8).”
BackgroundResultCOVID-19 in a patient with active tuberculosis: A rare case-report
Faqihi, F. A., Alharthy, A. M., Noor, A. S. N., Balshi, A. N., Balhamar, A., & Karakitsos, D. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101146 · Cited by 38
CT imaging of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective analysis
Giménez, I. E., Rodríguez‐Sevilla, J. J., Rodriguez, D. A., Salar, A., Casamayor, G., Villar-García, J., Rodó‐Pin, A., Marsico, S., Carbullanca, S., Ramal, D., et al. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07300-y · Cited by 38
“Due to sensitivity limitations of RT-PCR (around 70% in the diagnostic kit used in our hospital), a situation already described [2, 3], and delays in obtaining results, clinical assessment was essential in the initial diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia (sudden onset of dry cough, fever, or shortness of breath [4]).”
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A stacked ensemble for the detection of COVID-19 with high recall and accuracy
Jangam, E., & Annavarapu, C. S. R. (2021) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104608 · Cited by 38
“Studies [5 – 8] have demonstrated that CT scans of symptomatic individuals have significantly high recall when compared to RT-PCR.”
Metal Organic Frameworks as Biosensing Materials for COVID-19
Udourioh, G. A., Solomon, M. M., & Epelle, E. I. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering · doi:10.1007/s12195-021-00686-9 · Cited by 39
Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Facing an Unexpected Outbreak of the Disease
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Complications in COVID-19 patients: Characteristics of pulmonary embolism
Cau, R., Pacielli, A., Homayounieh, F., Vaudano, P. G., Arru, C. D., Crivelli, P., Stranieri, G., Suri, J. S., Mannelli, L., Conti, M., et al. (2021) · Clinical Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.05.016 · Cited by 37
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Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19
Polat, V., & Alp, G. İ. B. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-020-02132-5 · Cited by 37
“She had no known risk factor for venous thromboembolism.”
BackgroundThe Course of Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Infections—The Unexpected Long-Lasting Challenge
Xia, L., Chen, J., Friedemann, T., Yang, Z., Ling, Y., Liu, X., Lu, S., Li, T., Song, Z., Huang, W., et al. (2020) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa286 · Cited by 38
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Avilés-Rivero, A. I., Sellars, P., Schönlieb, C., & Papadakis, N. (2021) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2021.108274 · Cited by 39
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Goudot, G., Chocron, R., Augy, J.-L., Gendron, N., Khider, L., Debuc, B., Aïssaoui, N., Péron, N., Hauw‐Berlemont, C., Vedie, B., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.586307 · Cited by 38
“D-dimermay reflect the consequences of the COVID19-associated coagulopathy (40, 41), as it probably participates in the respiratory disease through the development of capillary microthrombosis as observed in postmortem studies (42) and attributed to a vascular thickening or vascular congestion (14, 43–45).”
BackgroundLi, Q., Bai, C., Yang, R., Xing, W., Pang, X., Wu, S., Liu, S., Chen, J., Liu, T., & Gu, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.581691 · Cited by 37
“Unfortunately, there are currently no drugs or vaccines available to treat specific antivirals (Zumla et al., 2016; Xie et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCao, G., Tang, S., Yang, D., Shi, W., Wang, X., Wang, H., Li, C., Wei, J., & Ma, L. (2020) · Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.165 · Cited by 36
Yang, Y., Mei, G., & Piccialli, F. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1109/tcbb.2022.3190265 · Cited by 36
An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19
Harris, C., Carson, G., Baillie, J. K., Horby, P., & Nair, H. (2020) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.10.011001 · Cited by 36
COVID-19 findings identified in chest computed tomography: a pictorial essay
Rosa, M. E. E., de Matos, M. J. R., Furtado, R. S. O. D. P., Brito, V. M., Amaral, L. T. W., Beraldo, G. L., Fonseca, E. K. U. N., Chate, R. C., Passos, R. B. D., Teles, G. B. D. S., et al. (2020) · Einstein (São Paulo) · doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2020rw5741 · Cited by 36
“(3) Some studies have demonstrated an initial non-negligible false-negative rate, even in symptomatic patients part of them already presenting characteristic imaging abnormalities in chest computed tomography (CT) and only later becoming positive on laboratory results.(4,5) Although CT is not indicated as the only dia…”
BackgroundPOLAT, E. Ç., Karaman, O., Karaman, C., Korkmaz, G., Balcı, M. C., & Kelek, S. E. (2021) · Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology · doi:10.3233/xst-200757 · Cited by 37
“Another major tool utilized for COVID-19 screening is the radiological imaging techniques where chest x-ray or CT can be conducted [12, 13].”
BackgroundMethodAzadbakht, J., Khoramian, D., Lajevardi, Z. S., Elikaii, F., Aflatoonian, A. H., Farhood, B., Najafi, M., & Bagheri, H. (2021) · The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1186/s43055-020-00400-1 · Cited by 36
Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Graph Convolutional Network
Liang, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Ye, Q., Liu, Y., & Tong, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.612962 · Cited by 35
“Edge Weights Based on Scores Using correlation distance to compute similarities as in Equation (4) is rough and deteriorates convolution performance to some extent.”
BackgroundMethodSOM-LWL method for identification of COVID-19 on chest X-rays
Osman, A. H., Aljahdali, H. M., Altarrazi, S. M., & Ahmed, A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247176 · Cited by 36
“Therefore, for COVID-19 patients in intensive care who are not sufficiently healthy to undergo CT scans, the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI) and European Society of Radiology (ESR) recommend the use of X-ray imaging [12].”
BackgroundInfluentialFocused role of nanoparticles against COVID-19: Diagnosis and treatment
Dheyab, M. A., Khaniabadi, P. M., Aziz, A. A., Jameel, M. S., Mehrdel, B., Oglat, A. A., & Khaleel, H. A. (2021) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102287 · Cited by 39
Glycan-Based Flow-Through Device for the Detection of SARS-COV-2
Baker, A. N., Richards, S., Pandey, S., Guy, C. S., Ahmad, A., Hasan, M., Biggs, C. I., Georgiou, P. G., Zwetsloot, A. J., Straube, A., et al. (2021) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.1c01470 · Cited by 36
Patro, K. K., Allam, J. P., Hammad, M. A., Tadeusiewicz, R., & Pławiak, P. (2023) · Journal of Applied Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.bbe.2023.01.005 · Cited by 37
“It may be quick, assess numerous cases at once, and have a higher level of availability with accurate detection of lung diseases [10,11].”
BackgroundMethodThe Role of Emergency Radiology in COVID-19: From Preparedness to Diagnosis
Nasir, M. U., Roberts, J. M., Müller, N. L., Macrì, F., Mohammed, M. F., Akhlaghpoor, S., Parker, W., Eftekhari, A., Rezaei, S. M. M., Mayo, J. R., et al. (2020) · Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal · doi:10.1177/0846537120916419 · Cited by 35
Correlation of chest radiography findings with the severity and progression of COVID-19 pneumonia
Al-Smadi, A. S., Bhatnagar, A., Ali, R., Lewis, N. A., & Johnson, S. C. (2020) · Clinical Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.11.004 · Cited by 37
Cartocci, G., Colaiacomo, M. C., Lanciotti, S., Andreoli, C., Luisa, D. C. M., Brachetti, G., Pugliese, S., Capoccia, L., Tortora, A., Scala, A., et al. (2020) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-020-01256-1 · Cited by 35
Use of radiographic features in COVID-19 diagnosis: Challenges and perspectives
Chen, S.-G., Chen, J., Yang, Y.-P., Chien, C., Wang, M., & Lin, L. (2020) · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association · doi:10.1097/jcma.0000000000000336 · Cited by 34
“… … … … … … Xie et al.18 167 Not specified 162 (97.01”
InfluentialFan, J., Yu, F., Wang, X., Zou, Q., Lou, B., Xie, G., Yang, X., Chen, W., Wang, Q., Zhang, D., et al. (2020) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.004 · Cited by 35
Ni, L., Zhu, L., Sun, L., & Shao, G. (2021) · Stem Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.scr.2021.102168 · Cited by 35
“No patients had pleural effusions or mediastinal lymphadenopathy (Xie et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020).”
Zhang, H., Du, F., Cao, X., Feng, X.-L., Zhang, H.-P., Wu, Z., Wang, B., Zhang, H., Liu, R., Yang, J.-J., et al. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-05897-z · Cited by 38
Salivette, a relevant saliva sampling device for SARS-CoV-2 detection
Costa, M. M., Benoît, N., Dormoi, J., Amalvict, R., Gomez, N., Tissot‐Dupont, H., Million, M., Pradines, B., Granjeaud, S., & Alméras, L. (2021) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2021.1920226 · Cited by 36
“testing [13,53,54] or in early stage of infection [55].”
BackgroundMehta, T., & Mehendale, N. D. (2021) · Research on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s42600-021-00174-z · Cited by 37
A Survey on Deep Learning in COVID-19 Diagnosis
Han, X., Hu, Z., Wang, S., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Imaging · doi:10.3390/jimaging9010001 · Cited by 35
“The most common diagnostic measure for COVID-19 is through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays of nasopharyngeal swabs [9].”
MethodCT and COVID-19: Chinese experience and recommendations concerning detection, staging and follow-up
Fan, L., & Liu, S.-Y. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06898-3 · Cited by 34
“However, several reports showed the positive results occurred until the third, even the fifth, test [8, 12] .”
BackgroundEffective hybrid deep learning model for COVID ‐19 patterns identification using CT images
Ibrahim, D. A., Zebari, D. A., Mohammed, H. J., & Mohammed, M. A. (2022) · Expert Systems · doi:10.1111/exsy.13010 · Cited by 34
“However, the RT-PCR test has a number of limitations, including limited RT-PCR kits, lengthy procedure, and high rate of false negatives; thus, patients cannot be diagnosed and treated on time (Fang et al., 2020; Xie et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMimics and chameleons of COVID-19
Nickel, C. H., & Bingisser, R. M. (2020) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2020.20231 · Cited by 34
The management of surgical patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Spolverato, G., Capelli, G., Restivo, A., Bao, Q. R., Pucciarelli, S., Pawlik, T. M., & Gronchi, A. (2020) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.036 · Cited by 34
Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center
Barbosa, P. N. V. P., Bitencourt, A. G. V., de Miranda, G. D., Almeida, M. F. A., & Chojniak, R. (2020) · Radiologia Brasileira · doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0040 · Cited by 34
“Prior studies demonstrated that COVID-19 patients may show very early CT changes even before positive RT-PCR((11,29)).”
BackgroundComprehensive overview of COVID ‐19 based on current evidence
Kang, Y., & Xu, S. (2020) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/dth.13525 · Cited by 35
“tion; (d) Diffuse Ground-Glass Opacity with bronchial inflation sign; (e) Large area consolidation shadows of both lungs with lobules Interstitial thickening.(41,42)”
Backgroundon behalf of COVID-19 Evidence and Recommendations Working Group, Lv, M., Wang, M., Yang, N., Luo, X., Li, W., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Ren, M., Zhang, X., et al. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-3311 · Cited by 33
The clinical characteristics and course of COVID ‐19 in hemodialysis patients
Aydın, K., Parmaksız, E., & Sert, S. (2020) · Hemodialysis International · doi:10.1111/hdi.12861 · Cited by 34
Kane, A. D., Paterson, J., Pokhrel, S., Berry, S., Monkhouse, D., Brand, J., Ingram, M., & Danjoux, G. R. (2020) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15281 · Cited by 34
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Metadata
- Authors
- Xie, X., Zhong, Z., Zhao, W., Zheng, C., Wang, F., & Liu, J.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Jun
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 296
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- E41-E45
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- PMC
- PMC7233363
- OpenAlex
- W3006110666
- Cited by
- 1,960
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 282 · 2021: 575 · 2020: 850
- FWCI
- 60.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pneumonia, chest CT findings, ground-glass opacities, delayed diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVID-19 Testing, Adult, Aged, False Negative Reactions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Reproducibility of Results, Coronavirus Infections, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pandemics
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