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Chest CT for Typical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: Relationship to Negative RT-PCR Testing
Open accessAbstract
Some patients with positive chest CT findings may present with negative results of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, the authors present chest CT findings from five patients with COVID-19 infection who had initial negative RT-PCR results. All five patients had typical imaging findings, including ground-glass opacity (five patients) and/or mixed ground-glass opacity and mixed consolidation (two patients). After isolation for presumed COVID-19 pneumonia, all patients were eventually confirmed to have COVID-19 infection by means of repeated swab tests. A combination of repeated swab tests and CT scanning may be helpful for individuals with a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection but negative findings at RT-PCR screening.
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“There are currently a number of different ways to detect COVID-19, whereas computed tomography and X-rays remain the major surgical techniques [80–82].”
From A comprehensive survey on federated learning techniques for healthcare informatics (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
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Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19
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LBP-based information assisted intelligent system for COVID-19 identification
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Elsharkawy, M., Sharafeldeen, A., Taher, F., Shalaby, A. M., Soliman, A., Mahmoud, A. H., Ghazal, M. A., Khalil, A., Alghamdi, N. S., Razek, A. A. K. A., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91305-0 · Cited by 28
Improved 3D U-Net for COVID-19 Chest CT Image Segmentation
Zheng, R., Zheng, Y., & Dongye, C. (2021) · Scientific Programming · doi:10.1155/2021/9999368 · Cited by 27
Generalizability assessment of COVID-19 3D CT data for deep learning-based disease detection
Fallahpoor, M., Chakraborty, S., Heshejin, M. T., Chegeni, H., Horry, M. J., & Pradhan, B. (2022) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105464 · Cited by 28
“Therefore, it has been proposed that chest CT could potentially be employed as the primary diagnostic modality for examining patients with COVID-19 [18].”
COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-ray Images Based on Deep Learning Techniques
Mathesul, S., Swain, D., Satapathy, S. K., Rambhad, A., Acharya, B., Gerogiannis, V. C., & Kanavos, A. (2023) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a16100494 · Cited by 27
Emerging Evidence for Neuropsycho-Consequences of COVID-19
Li, J., Long, X., Zhang, Q., Fang, X., Fang, F., Lv, X., Zhang, D., Sun, Y., Li, N., Hu, S., et al. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200507085335 · Cited by 26
“The most characteristic symptom of NCP is respiratory distress, with a typical chest computer tomography (CT) finding of ground-glass opacity, similar to that of SARS [4].”
BackgroundWong, M. D., Thai, T., Li, Y., & Liu, H. (2020) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370220938315 · Cited by 31
“All patients exhibited chest CTs with GGOs and/or mixed GGOs and consolidation.(33) A third study reported similar findings, with 97% sensitivity by the initial CT scan, as compared to the initial rRT-PCR sensitivity of 83.”
ResultA COVID-19 patient with multiple negative results for PCR assays outside Wuhan, China: a case report
Chen, L.-D., Li, H., Ye, Y.-M., Wu, Z., Huang, Y.-P., Zhang, W.-L., & Lin, L. (2020) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05245-7 · Cited by 26
Liu, N., He, G., Yang, X., Chen, J., Wu, J., Ma, M., Lu, W., Li, Q., Cheng, T., & Huang, X. (2020) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-020-00491-2 · Cited by 25
“Chest CT may be helpful for early diagnosis, especially when a person is suspected with COVID-19, but reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) screening is negative[9-12].”
BackgroundAlyami, M. H., Alyami, H. S., & Warraich, A. (2020) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.014 · Cited by 26
“These tests are normally able to detect the relevant antibodies ten days after the disease develops (Mohd et al., 2016; Xie et al., 2020).”
Deepika, S., Venkatesan, A., Mahesh, V. G. V., & Raj, A. N. J. (2020) · International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology · doi:10.1002/ima.22525 · Cited by 27
“The duration of the test is too long and the result of RT-PCR is affected by sampling errors and low viral load.(6) The antigen test is designed to detect the spike protein that is responsible for facilitating the entry of virus into the human cell.”
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 Infection and the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency: The Importance of Diagnostic Methods
Ciotti, M., Benedetti, F., Zella, D., Angeletti, S., Ciccozzi, M., & Bernardini, S. (2021) · Chemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000515343 · Cited by 30
Automated Detection of COVID-19 Using Deep Learning Approaches with Paper-Based ECG Reports
Bassiouni, M. M., Hegazy, I., Rizk, N. J., El‐Dahshan, E. A., & Salem, A.-B. M. (2022) · Circuits Systems and Signal Processing · doi:10.1007/s00034-022-02035-1 · Cited by 26
Sadik, F., Dastider, A. G., Subah, M. R., Mahmud, T., & Fattah, S. A. (2022) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105806 · Cited by 25
Punitha, S. C., Stephan, T., Kannan, R., Mahmud, M., Kaiser, M. S., & Belhouari, S. B. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3236812 · Cited by 26
MSCCov19Net: multi-branch deep learning model for COVID-19 detection from cough sounds
Ulukaya, S., Sarıca, A. A., Erdem, O., & Karaali, A. (2023) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/s11517-023-02803-4 · Cited by 27
“While RT-PCR results are negative, results confirming ground-glass symptoms of COVID-19 have been reported in CT results [54].”
ResultHao, W., & Li, M. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.008 · Cited by 25
Huang, E. P., Sung, C., Chen, C., Fan, C., Lai, P., & Huang, Y. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-02908-4 · Cited by 25
“Only 4 studies screened from 372 relevant articles were eligible [2, [4] [5] [6] .”
BackgroundAdded value of chest computed tomography in suspected COVID-19: an analysis of 239 patients
Korevaar, D. A., Kootte, R. S., Smits, L. P., van den Aardweg, J. G., Bonta, P. I., Schinkel, J., Vigeveno, R. M., van den Berk, I. A. H., Scheerder, M. J., Lemkes, B. A., et al. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01377-2020 · Cited by 24
Jiang, Y., Guo, D., Li, C., Chen, T., & Li, R. (2020) · Radiology of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jrid.2020.05.001 · Cited by 26
“As illustrated in Tables 2 and 3, the CT lesion extent and density scores were determined based on the anatomic distribution and density of lung lesions with reference to the reported semi-quantitative score system [12,13].”
Luca, D. D., Ravà, L., Nadel, S., Tissières, P., Gawronski, O., Perkins, E., Chidini, G., & Tingay, D. G. (2020) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03690-9 · Cited by 25
“RT-PCR false negative may account for up to 30% of tests [29], and this, together with the very small sample size, does not allow us to draw any conclusion.”
BackgroundMalek‐Hosseini, S. A., Nikoupour, H., Gholami, S., Shamsaeefar, A., Arasteh, P., Kazemi, K., Dehghani, M., Eghlimi, H., Shahraki, H. R., Roozbeh, J., et al. (2020) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000003470 · Cited by 25
“Diagnosis of COVID-19 was done based on a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs, chest CT scan, chest radiography, and clinical symptoms.(11-14) All the patients had either chest CT scan or PCR confirmation for diagnosis of COVID-19 in our series.”
MethodSheervalilou, R., Shirvaliloo, M., Sargazi, S., Shirvalilou, S., Shahraki, O., Pilehvar‐Soltanahmadi, Y., Sarhadi, A., Nazarlou, Z., Ghaznavi, H., & Khoei, S. (2021) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11197-y · Cited by 25
“There are accounts of certain false-negative reports by RT-PCR for cases that had already been confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection (Xie et al. 2020).”
BackgroundDeif, M. A., Hammam, R. E., & Solyman, A. (2021) · International journal of intelligent engineering and systems · doi:10.22266/ijies2021.0430.16 · Cited by 25
Çolak, Ş., Yavuz, B. G., Yavuz, M., Özçelik, B., Öner, M., Özgültekin, A., & Şenbayrak, S. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14321 · Cited by 26
Johri, S., Goyal, M., Jain, S., Baranwal, M., Kumar, V., & Upadhyay, R. (2021) · International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology · doi:10.1002/ima.22613 · Cited by 25
Up State of the SARS-COV-2 Spike Homotrimer Favors an Increased Virulence for New Variants
Giron, C. C., Laaksonen, A., & da Silva, F. L. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Medical Technology · doi:10.3389/fmedt.2021.694347 · Cited by 25
“For instance, at pH 7, 1Gelec is equal to −61 (4), −69 (8), and −66 (9) kJ/mol, respectively, for DDD, DUU, and UDD.”
Rapid Screening of COVID-19 Directly from Clinical Nasopharyngeal Swabs Using the MasSpec Pen
Garza, K. Y., Silva, A., da Rosa, J. R., Keating, M. F., Povilaitis, S. C., Spradlin, M., Sanches, P. H. G., Moura, A. V., Marrero-Gutiérrez, J., Lin, J. Q., et al. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01937 · Cited by 26
Murugan, C., Ramamoorthy, S., Kuppuswamy, G. P., Murugan, R. K., Sivalingam, Y., & Sundaramurthy, A. (2021) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.144 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Xie, X., Zhong, Z., Zhao, W., Zheng, C., Wang, F., & Liu, J.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Jun
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 296
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- E41-E45
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- PMC
- PMC7233363
- OpenAlex
- W3006110666
- Cited by
- 1,960
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 282 · 2021: 575 · 2020: 850
- FWCI
- 60.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pneumonia, chest CT findings, ground-glass opacities, delayed diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVID-19 Testing, Adult, Aged, False Negative Reactions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Reproducibility of Results, Coronavirus Infections, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pandemics
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