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Irreversible Capacities of Graphite in Low‐Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Smart, M. C., Ratnakumar, B. V., Surampudi, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Greenbaum, S. G., Hightower, A., Ahn, C. C., Fultz, B.·1999·Journal of The Electrochemical Society

DOI 10.1149/1.1392577

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Abstract

Carbonaceous anode materials in lithium‐ion rechargeable cells exhibit irreversible capacity, mainly due to reaction of lithium during the formation of passive surface films. The stability and kinetics of lithium intercalation into the carbon anodes are determined by these films. The nature, thickness, and morphology of these films are in turn affected by the electrolyte components, primarily the solvent constituents. In this work, the films formed on graphite anodes in low‐temperature electrolytes, i.e., solutions with different mixtures of alkyl carbonates and low‐viscosity solvent additives, are examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. In addition, other ex situ studies such as X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy were carried out on the graphite anodes to understand their microstructures. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Background
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Behavior of Li-Ion Cells in High-Intensity Radiation Environments
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Self-citation
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“The SEI layer is made up of different reaction products, containing decomposed electrolyte components [6].”
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“Proper film-forming additive was chosen, the good film can be formed before the co-embedding of lithium ion and PC in the graphite due to that the PC is very easy to intercalate graphite reactions [19].”
Method
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Authors: Smart, M. C., Ratnakumar, B. V., Surampudi, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Greenbaum, S. G., Hightower, A., Ahn, C. C., & Fultz, B.
Affiliations: California Institute of Technology (US)
City University of New York (US)
ORCID: Smart, M. C.
Greenbaum, S. G.
Hightower, A.
Venue: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Published: 1999-11-01
Volume: 146
Issue: 11
Pages: 3963-3969
ISSN: 0013-4651 (ISSN-L)
1945-7111
DOI: 10.1149/1.1392577
OpenAlex: W2166598571
Cited by: 190
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 10.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: iopscience.iop.org/page/copyright (vor, 7340 d)
iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining (tdm, 7340 d)
Locations: Journal of The Electrochemical Society (publishedVersion)
CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
California Institute of Technology
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Office of Naval Research
Basic Energy Sciences
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Battery Modeling and Management
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Keywords: irreversible capacity, graphite anode, lithium-ion batteries, low-temperature electrolytes, alkyl carbonates, solvent additives, lithium intercalation

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Irreversible Capacities of Graphite in Low‐Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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