The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Suppression of endogenous testosterone production attenuates the response to strength training: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded intervention study
Abstract
We hypothesized that suppression of endogenous testosterone would inhibit the adaptations to strength training in otherwise healthy men. Twenty-two young men with minor experience with strength training participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded intervention study. The subjects were randomized to treatment with the GnRH analog goserelin (3.6 mg) or placebo (saline) subcutaneously every 4 wk for 12 wk. The strength training period of 8 wk, starting at week 4, included exercises for all major muscles [3–4 sets per exercise × 6–10 repetitions with corresponding 6- to 10-repetition maximum (RM) loads, 3/wk]. A strength test, blood sampling, and whole body DEXA scan were performed at weeks 4 and 12. Endogenous testosterone decreased significantly ( P < 0.01) in the goserelin group from 22.6 ± 5.5 (mean ± SD) nmol/l to 2.0 ± 0.5 ( week 4) and 1.1 ± 0.6 nmol/l ( week 12), whereas it remained constant in the placebo group. The goserelin group showed no changes in isometric knee extension strength after training, whereas the placebo group increased from 240.2 ± 41.3 to 264.1 ± 35.3 Nm ( P < 0.05 within and P = 0.05 between groups). Lean mass of the legs increased 0.37 ± 0.13 and 0.57 ± 0.30 kg in the goserelin and placebo groups, respectively ( P < 0.05 within and P = 0.05 between groups). Body fat mass increased 1.4 ± 1.0 kg and decreased 0.6 ± 1.2 kg in the goserelin and placebo groups, respectively ( P < 0.05 within and between groups). We conclude that endogenous testosterone is of paramount importance to the adaptation to strength training.
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In the citing paper
“when bioavailable testosterone was reduced to castrate levels in young men, isometric strength did not increase after resistance exercise training [62].”
From Integrating Transwomen and Female Athletes with Differences of Sex Development (DSD) into Elite Competition: The FIMS 2021 Consensus Statement (2021) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“Despite testosterone suppression to female levels of 2 nmol/L, there was a significant + 4% increase in leg lean mass and a + 2% increase in total lean body mass, and a measurable though insignificant increase in isometric knee extension strength.”
From Transgender Women in the Female Category of Sport: Perspectives on Testosterone Suppression and Performance Advantage (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“in select exercises used during the training program, 10RM leg press and bench press increased + 32% and + 17%, respectively.”
From Transgender Women in the Female Category of Sport: Perspectives on Testosterone Suppression and Performance Advantage (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
Citations
Cites
Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults
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The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men
Bhasin, S., Storer, T. W., Berman, N., Callegari, C., Clevenger, B., Phillips, J., Bunnell, T. J., Tricker, R., Shirazi, A., & Casaburi, R. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199607043350101 · Cited by 1,659
Hormonal Responses and Adaptations to Resistance Exercise and Training
Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535040-00004 · Cited by 1,389 · cited 2×
“Thus the question is whether endogenous testosterone is critical for increasing muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy in response to strength training (11, 19, 21, 22, 24, 27, 33, 34, 54).”
Background(1979) · PubMed · Cited by 1,302
Campos, G., Luecke, T., Wendeln, H., Toma, K., Hagerman, F., Murray, T., Ragg, K., Ratamess, N., Kraemer, W., & Staron, R. (2002) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0681-6 · Cited by 1,066
Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men
Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., Casaburi, R., Singh, A. B., Bhasin, D., Berman, N., Chen, X., Yarasheski, K. E., Magliano, L., Dzekov, C., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1172 · Cited by 967
Skeletal muscle adaptations during early phase of heavy-resistance training in men and women.
Staron, R. S., Karapondo, D. L., Kraemer, W. J., Fry, A. C., Gordon, S. E., Falkel, J. E., Hagerman, F. C., & Hikida, R. S. (1994) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1247 · Cited by 796
Changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Smith, M. R., Finkelstein, J. S., McGovern, F. J., Zietman, A. L., Fallon, M. A., Schoenfeld, D. A., & Kantoff, P. W. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8299 · Cited by 697
Hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise protocols
Kraemer, W. J., Marchitelli, L. J., Gordon, S. E., Harman, E. A., Dziados, J. E., Mello, R. P., Frykman, P., McCurry, D., & Fleck, S. J. (1990) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1990.69.4.1442 · Cited by 697
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to resistance training
Schoenfeld, B. J. (2010) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e840f3 · Cited by 1,214
Testosterone Physiology in Resistance Exercise and Training: The Up-Stream Regulatory Elements
Vingren, J. L., Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., Anderson, J. M., Volek, J. S., & Maresh, C. M. (2010) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11536910-000000000-00000 · Cited by 472
“The use of GnRH analogues have shown that in the absence of a GnRH signal the gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary do not independently release LH despite very low circulating testosterone concentrations.([11,12]) Since the GnRH analogue prevented an exercise-induced increase in Testosterone and Resistance Exercise…”
BackgroundKraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., Hymer, W. C., Nindl, B. C., & Fragala, M. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00033 · Cited by 339
“(49) showed that 8 weeks of RT with or without the GnRH analog goserelin (that reduced TT to ≤2 nmol/L) significantly attenuated increases in isometric strength and leg lean tissue mass.”
BackgroundWest, D. W. D., Burd, N. A., Tang, J. E., Moore, D. R., Staples, A. W., Holwerda, A. M., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01147.2009 · Cited by 290
“Furthermore, there is evidence that a minimal 291 basal level of testosterone is required to support strength and hypertrophy gains which are 292 otherwise attenuated (20).”
BackgroundEgan, B., & Sharples, A. P. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00054.2021 · Cited by 278
Metadata
- Authors
- Kvorning, T., Andersen, M., Brixen, K., & Madsen, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 291
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- E1325-E1332
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2135253149
- Semantic Scholar
- 364e0f2a02d36d26e9937995f621cacc20eab156
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- endogenous testosterone, goserelin, GnRH analogues, resistance training, training effects, muscle strength, lean body mass, fat mass, isometric knee extension, young men
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Androgen Antagonists, Body Composition, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Estrogens, Hormones, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Leg, Male, Organ Size, Testosterone, Weight Lifting, Exercise, Absorptiometry, Photon, Goserelin, Muscle, Skeletal
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