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Cited by 796Sports Performance and TrainingMuscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Skeletal muscle adaptations during early phase of heavy-resistance training in men and women.

Staron, R. S., Karapondo, D. L., Kraemer, W. J., Fry, A. C., Gordon, S. E., Falkel, J. E., Hagerman, F. C., Hikida, R. S.·1994·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1247
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Abstract

An 8-wk progressive resistance training program for the lower extremity was performed twice a week to investigate the time course for skeletal muscle adaptations in men and women. Maximal dynamic strength was tested biweekly. Muscle biopsies were extracted at the beginning and every 2 wk of the study from resistance-trained and from nontrained (control) subjects. The muscle samples were analyzed for fiber type composition, cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain content. In addition, fasting blood samples were measured for resting serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone. With the exception of the leg press for women (after 2 wk of training) and leg extension for men (after 6 wk of training), absolute and relative maximal dynamic strength was significantly increased after 4 wk of training for all three exercises (squat, leg press, and leg extension) in both sexes. Resistance training also caused a significant decrease in the percentage of type IIb fibers after 2 wk in women and 4 wk in men, an increase in the resting levels of serum testosterone after 4 wk in men, and a decrease in cortisol after 6 wk in men. No significant changes occurred over time for any of the other measured parameters for either sex. These data suggest that skeletal muscle adaptations that may contribute to strength gains of the lower extremity are similar for men and women during the early phase of resistance training and, with the exception of changes in the fast fiber type composition, that they occur gradually.

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Crossref · 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1247

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  • Reduction in motor unit firing rate following resistance training could be explained by matching the motor unit firing rate with muscle contractile properties, such as a decrease in the proportion of type IIB fibers and increase in that of type IIA fibers following resistance training.

    “Therefore, reduction in the motor unit firing rate following resistance training could be explained by matching the motor unit firing rate with muscle contractile properties, such as a decrease in the proportion of type IIB fibers and increase in that of type IIA fibers following resistance training (Staron et al., 1990; Staron et al., 1994).”

    From Effect of resistance training and fish protein intake on motor unit firing pattern and motor function of elderly (2018) · cites this paper as Staron et al., 1994

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Authors
Staron, R. S., Karapondo, D. L., Kraemer, W. J., Fry, A. C., Gordon, S. E., Falkel, J. E., Hagerman, F. C., & Hikida, R. S.
Affiliations
Ohio University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
1994-03-01
Volume
76
Issue
3
Pages
1247-1255
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1247
OpenAlex
W1923391821
Cited by
796
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 35
FWCI
11.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
resistance training, skeletal muscle adaptation, sex differences, lower extremity, muscle fiber composition, type IIb muscle fibers, myosin heavy chain, cross-sectional area, testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, muscle hypertrophy
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Adenosine Triphosphatases, Adult, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Leg, Male, Muscles, Physical Education and Training, Sex Characteristics, Growth Hormone, Testosterone, Weight Lifting, Myosin Subfragments

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