The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of the ovarian hormones on GLUT4 expression and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake
Abstract
This study examined the roles of the female sex steroids, 17β-estradiol (E 2) and progesterone (Prog), on glucose uptake and GLUT4 protein expression. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham operated (C) or ovariectomized and treated with placebo (O), E 2(E), Prog (P), or both hormones at physiological doses (P + E) or the same dose of Prog with a high dose of E 2(P + HiE) via timed-release pellets inserted at the time of surgery, 15 days before metabolic testing. On the morning of day 15, animals received a 300-μCi injection (ip) of 2-deoxy-[14 C]glucose and then either exercised on a motorized treadmill for 30 min at 0.35 m/s or remained sedentary in their cages for the same period. Basal glucose uptake was not different between the treatment groups in either the red or white quadriceps. However, glucose uptake was decreased ( P < 0.05) in O, P, and P + E rats during exercise in the red quadriceps compared with C rats, whereas E and P + HiE treatment restored glucose uptake. Glycogen content in skeletal muscle followed similar trends, with no differences seen in resting animals. Postexercise red quadriceps glycogen levels were higher ( P < 0.05) in the E and P + HiE rats compared with O and P. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with progesterone (P rats) decreased ( P < 0.05) GLUT4 content in the red quadriceps by 21% compared with C rats. These data demonstrate that estrogen-deficient animals have a decreased ability for contraction-stimulated glucose uptake and increased glycogen use during aerobic exercise. However, changes in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake could not be explained by altered transporter protein content, since the absence of E 2 had no effect on GLUT4 protein.
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“functions catabolically to increase amino acid oxidation and decreases muscle protein synthesis [78–81]”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Progesterone also exerts influence over protein metabolism, specifically during the luteal phase, which corresponds with the previously observed increases in protein oxidation at rest and during exercise at this time in the menstrual cycle [81,164].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“In eumenorrheic women, evidence suggests protein catabolism is higher at rest and following aerobic endurance exercise in the luteal phase, when estrogen and progesterone are elevated, compared to the early follicular phase when estrogen and progesterone concentrations are low [81,164,223,224].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“females require more lysine during the luteal phase than the follicular phase [81] with a lower ability to uptake and utilize amino acids for protein synthesis.”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, S. E., & Febbraio, M. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- ORCID
- Febbraio, M. A.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2002-05-01
- Volume
- 282
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E1139-E1146
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2112665865
- Semantic Scholar
- 8786fa5da249859947f5bc875ed89357abc9e2b1
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- estradiol, progesterone, ovarian hormones, GLUT4, glucose uptake, skeletal muscle, physical activity, ovariectomy, glycogen, female sex hormones, skeletal muscle glucose transport
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Deoxyglucose, Estradiol, Physical Exertion, Female, Glucose, Glycogen, Insulin, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Proteins, Ovariectomy, Progesterone, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Muscle, Skeletal, Lactic Acid, Glucose Transporter Type 4, Rats
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