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Cited by 199Muscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and Training

Glucose kinetics and substrate oxidation during exercise in the follicular and luteal phases

Zderic, Ted W., Coggan, Andrew R., Ruby, Brent C.·2001·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.447
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Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether plasma glucose kinetics and substrate oxidation during exercise are dependent on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Once during the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases, moderately trained subjects [peak O 2 uptake (V˙o 2 ) = 48.2 ± 1.1 ml · min −1 · kg −1 ; n = 6] cycled for 25 min at ∼70% of theV˙o 2 at their respective lactate threshold (70%LT), followed immediately by 25 min at 90%LT. Rates of plasma glucose appearance (R a ) and disappearance (R d ) were determined with a primed constant infusion of [6,6- 2 H]glucose, and total carbohydrate (CHO) and fat oxidation were determined with indirect calorimetry. At rest and during exercise at 70%LT, there were no differences in glucose R a or R d between phases. CHO and fat oxidation were not different between phases at 70%LT. At 90%LT, glucose R a (28.8 ± 4.8 vs. 33.7 ± 4.5 μmol · min −1 · kg −1 ; P < 0.05) and R d (28.4 ± 4.8 vs. 34.0 ± 4.1 μmol · min −1 · kg −1 ; P < 0.05) were lower during the L phase. In addition, at 90%LT, CHO oxidation was lower during the L compared with the F phase (82.0 ± 12.3 vs. 93.8 ± 9.7 μmol · min −1 · kg −1 ; P < 0.05). Conversely, total fat oxidation was greater during the L phase at 90%LT (7.46 ± 1.01 vs. 6.05 ± 0.89 μmol · min −1 · kg −1 ; P < 0.05). Plasma lactate concentration was also lower during the L phase at 90%LT concentrations (2.48 ± 0.41 vs. 3.08 ± 0.39 mmol/l; P < 0.05). The lower CHO utilization during the L phase was associated with an elevated resting estradiol ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that plasma glucose kinetics and CHO oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise are lower during the L compared with the F phase in women. These differences may have been due to differences in circulating estradiol.

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  • In eumenorrheic women, glucose appearance, disappearance, and total glycogen utilization are lower in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase when exercise energy demands are high enough to exert pressure on endogenous glucose production (>50% VO2max).

    “For eumenorrheic women, research has demonstrated a lower rate of glucose appearance, disappearance, and total glycogen utilization in the luteal phase as compared to the follicular phase when the energy demands of exercise are high enough to exert pressure on endogenous glucose production (>50% VO2max) [168–171].”

    From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [170]

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Authors
Zderic, T. W., Coggan, A. R., & Ruby, B. C.
Affiliations
  • University of Montana (US)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2001-02-01
Volume
90
Issue
2
Pages
447-453
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.447
OpenAlex
W1944599761
Cited by
199
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI
3.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ag014769-03)
  • National Institute on Aging (AG-14769)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
menstrual cycle, follicular phase, luteal phase, substrate oxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, physical activity, lactate threshold, estradiol, plasma lactate, energy metabolism
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Estradiol, Fats, Female, Follicular Phase, Glycerol, Humans, Insulin, Kinetics, Luteal Phase, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Lactic Acid, Human Growth Hormone, Carbohydrate Metabolism

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