Cited by 236Hormonal and reproductive studiesLGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyBody Composition Measurement Techniques

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Effects of sex steroid hormones on regional fat depots as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in transsexuals

Elbers, J. M. H., Asscheman, H., Seidell, J. C., Gooren, L. J. G.·1999·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.2.e317

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Abstract

We investigated prospectively the effect of sex steroids on regional fat depots and thigh muscle mass in adult transsexuals. Ethinyl estradiol in combination with cyproterone acetate, a progestational antiandrogen, was given to 20 male-to-female (M-F) transsexuals, and parenteral testosterone esters were given to 17 female-to-male (F-M) transsexuals. Before and after 12 mo of cross-sex hormone administration, several anthropometric measurements (weight, skinfolds, body circumferences, and bioimpedance) were performed, and transverse magnetic resonance images were obtained at the level of the abdomen, hip, and thigh to quantify fat depots (subcutaneous and visceral) and muscle areas. We observed that treatment with ethinyl estradiol in M-F transsexuals induced a significant increase in all subcutaneous fat depots, with a lesser but proportional and significant increase in the visceral fat depot and a decrease in thigh muscle area. Testosterone administration in F-M transsexuals markedly increased thigh muscle area, reduced subcutaneous fat deposition at all levels measured, but slightly increased the visceral fat area. We conclude that sex steroid hormones are important determinants of the sex-specific localization of body fat.

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Authors: Elbers, J. M. H., Asscheman, H., Seidell, J. C., & Gooren, L. J. G.
Affiliations: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
ORCID: Seidell, J. C.
Gooren, L. J. G.
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1999-02-01
Volume: 276
Issue: 2
Pages: E317-E325
ISSN: 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
1522-1555
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.2.e317
OpenAlex: W2115643460
Cited by: 236
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 3.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords: sex hormones, transsexuals, gender-affirming hormone therapy, ethinyl estradiol, cyproterone acetate, testosterone esters, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral fat, thigh muscle mass
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Androgen Antagonists, Anthropometry, Drug Combinations, Ethinyl Estradiol, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Prospective Studies, Sex Characteristics, Transsexualism, Cyproterone Acetate, Estradiol Congeners

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Effects of sex steroid hormones on regional fat depots as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in transsexuals

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