Effects of chronic dietary nitrate supplementation on the hemodynamic response to dynamic exercise
Abstract
While acute treatment with beetroot juice (BRJ) containing nitrate (NO3 (-)) can lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), afterload, and myocardial O2 demand during submaximal exercise, effects of chronic supplementation with BRJ (containing a relatively low dose of NO3 (-), 400 mg) on cardiac output (CO), SBP, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and the work of the heart in response to dynamic exercise are not known. Thus, in 14 healthy males (22 ± 1 yr), we compared effects of 15 days of both BRJ and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (NDBRJ) supplementation on plasma concentrations of NOx (NO3 (-)/NO2 (-)), SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), CO, TPR, and rate pressure product (RPP) at rest and during progressive cycling exercise. Endothelial function was also assessed via flow-mediated dilation (FMD). BRJ supplementation increased plasma NOx from 83.8 ± 13.8 to 167.6 ± 13.2 μM. Compared with NDBRJ, BRJ reduced SBP, DBP, MAP, and TPR at rest and during exercise (P < 0.05). In addition, RPP was decreased during exercise, while CO was increased, but only at rest and the 30% workload (P < 0.05). BRJ enhanced FMD-induced increases in brachial artery diameter (pre: 12.3 ± 1.6%; post: 17.8 ± 1.9%). We conclude that 1) chronic supplementation with BRJ lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance at rest and during exercise and attenuates RPP during exercise and 2) these effects may be due, in part, to enhanced endothelium-induced vasodilation in contractin…
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Oral supplementation with either nitrite or nitrate increases circulating nitrite levels and prevents and reverses endothelial dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner in mice and in healthy, hypertensive, and obese individuals, or in those with hypercholesterolemia and peripheral arterial disease.
“Oral supplementation with either nitrite or nitrate increases circulating nitrite levels and prevents and reverses endothelial dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner both in mice[68,69] and in healthy[70,71,97,111,112], hypertensive[113], and obese individuals[114], or in those with hypercholesterolemia[115] and peripheral arterial disease[116].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [112]
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- Authors
- Lee, J.-S., Stebbins, C. L., Jung, E., Nho, H., Kim, J.-K., Chang, M.-J., & Choi, H.-M.
- Affiliations
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Choi, Hyun-Min
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 309
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- R459-R466
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2221379959
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 15.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- dietary nitrate, beetroot juice, dynamic exercise, hemodynamics, blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, rate-pressure product, endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation, nitric oxide, exercise fatigue, oxygen delivery
- MeSH terms
- Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Bicycling, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Endothelium, Vascular, Heart Rate, Hemodynamics, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Nitrates, Time Factors, Vascular Resistance, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Plant Roots, Cross-Over Studies, Muscle Fatigue, Dietary Supplements, Beta vulgaris, Young Adult, Arterial Pressure
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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