Physical (in)activity-dependent alterations at the rostral ventrolateral medulla: influence on sympathetic nervous system regulation
Open accessAbstract
A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and rates of inactivity and cardiovascular disease are highly prevalent in our society. Cardiovascular disease is often associated with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, which has both direct and indirect effects on multiple organ systems. Although it has been known for some time that exercise positively affects the brain in terms of memory and cognition, only recently have changes in how the brain regulates the cardiovascular system been examined in terms of physical activity and inactivity. This brief review will discuss the evidence for physical activity-dependent neuroplasticity related to control of sympathetic outflow. It will focus particularly on recent studies from our laboratory and others that have examined changes that occur in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), considered one of the primary brain regions involved in the regulation and generation of sympathetic nervous system activity.
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Inactivity-related diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are associated with SNS overactivity.
“This is also an important cardioprotective effect given the strong evidence showing that inactivity-related diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are associated with SNS overactivity.192”
From Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: From mechanisms to clinical implementation (2023) · cites this paper as [192]
Endurance training can induce neuroplasticity adaptations in the cardiovascular centres of the brainstem (rostral ventrolateral medulla) involved in SNS regulation, leading to lower SNS activity.
“Endurance training can also induce neuroplasticity adaptations in the cardiovascular centres of the brainstem (rostral ventrolateral medulla) involved in SNS regulation, leading to lower SNS activity.192”
From Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: From mechanisms to clinical implementation (2023) · cites this paper as [192]
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Contribution to sympathetic vasomotor tone of tonic glutamatergic inputs to neurons in the RVLM
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Proposed role of the paraventricular nucleus in cardiovascular deconditioning
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Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease: beyond attenuation of traditional risk factors
Fiuza-Luces, C., Santos-Lozano, A., Joyner, M., Carrera-Bastos, P., Picazo, O., Zugaza, J. L., Izquierdo, M., Ruilope, L. M., & Lucia, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0065-1 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Vascular Adaptation to Exercise in Humans: Role of Hemodynamic Stimuli
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Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: From mechanisms to clinical implementation
Valenzuela, P. L., Ruilope, L. M., Santos-Lozano, A., Wilhelm, M., Kränkel, N., Fiuza-Luces, C., & Lucia, A. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad170 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mueller, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mueller, Patrick J.
- ORCID
- Mueller, Patrick J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 298
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- R1468-R1474
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- PMC
- PMC2886709
- OpenAlex
- W2044288858
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Wayne State University
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R21HL089364)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, rostral ventrolateral medulla, sympathetic nervous system, sympathetic outflow, neuroplasticity, physical activity, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Medulla Oblongata, Neuronal Plasticity, Sympathetic Nervous System, Rats, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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