Intermittent exercise abolishes the diurnal variation in endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation in humans
Abstract
It is currently unclear to what extent diurnal variation and exercise effect endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation. Therefore, we measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in 10 males (mean age = 28 yr, SD = 7), before and after a bout of intermittent cycling at 70% peak oxygen uptake on separate days beginning either at 0800 or 1600. Edge-detection and wall-tracking software was used to measure changes in arterial diameter, while shear rate (SR) was assessed using simultaneously derived blood flow velocity and B-mode diameter data. The FMD data were analyzed before and after normalization for SR with repeated-measures models. Before exercise, mean ± SD FMD was 7 ± 3% in the morning compared with 11 ± 6% in the afternoon ( P = 0.01). This diurnal variation persisted after data were normalized for SR, which was found to be unaffected by time of day ( P = 0.33). Postexercise SR was higher than at baseline (pre-exercise) ( P = 0.01) to a similar extent at both times of day. FMD was unaffected by exercise in the morning ( P = 0.96) but decreased by 4 ± 3% following exercise in the afternoon ( P = 0.01) so that postexercise measurements did not differ between times of day. These data indicate that endothelium-dependent FMD is lower in the morning, and this finding was not altered by normalization of FMD for diurnal variation in SR. This infers a reduced function of the intrinsic endothelial NO-vasodilator system in the morning. We also report, for the first time, that a bout of intermittent exercise abolishes this diurnal variation in endothelium-dependent FMD.
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In humans, vascular endothelial function is relatively impaired in the morning, and therefore potentially implicated in the morning increase in adverse cardiovascular events.
“In humans, vascular endothelial function is relatively impaired in the morning (6, 123-126), and therefore potentially implicated in the morning increase in adverse CV events (127).”
From Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease (2018) · cites this paper as [123]
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“This infers that intrinsic differences in the function of the endothelial NO-vasodilator system contribute to diurnal variation in FMD in arteries of similar size and function as epicardial coronary arteries (1, 41, 42).”
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Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease
Thosar, S. S., Butler, M. P., & Shea, S. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci80590 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jones, H., Green, D. J., George, K., & Atkinson, G.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Helen
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 298
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- R427-R432
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W1998785099
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia) (submittedVersion)
- TeesRep (Teesside University) (submittedVersion)
- Teesside University Research Portal (Teesside University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- intermittent exercise, diurnal variation, endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation, nitric oxide, shear rate, brachial artery, endothelium-dependent vasodilation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bicycling, Blood Flow Velocity, Brachial Artery, Circadian Rhythm, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Ultrasonography, Vasodilation, Exercise
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