Nocturnal lowering of thresholds for sweating and vasodilation
Abstract
Six subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 60–70% of maximal aerobic power in a 25 degrees C ambient. Experiments on each subject wereconducted at night (4:00–5:30 A.M.) and in daytime (noon-4:30 P.M.).Chest sweating rate (msw) was measured with resistance hygrometry. Forearm blood flow (BF), with an arm skin temperature of 35.5 +/- 1.2 degrees C (SD), was measured with electrocapacitance plethysmography. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured with a thermocouple at the level of the left atriumand mean skin temperature (Tsk) was calculated from a weighted average of temperatures at three sites. Tes was corrected to a skin temperature of 33 degrees C as follows: T'es = Tes + (Tsk - 33 degrees C)/8. This correction reflects the relative contributions of Tes and Tsk to control of msw:T'es and BF:T'es relations were not consistently changed. In any given subject, thresholds for sweating and vasodilation were shifted about equally. These shifts averaged 0.57 degrees C (range: 0.23–0.93 degrees C)for msw and 0.63 degrees C (range: 0.17–0.98 degrees C)for BF.
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The circadian clock regulates diurnal variations in autonomic thermoregulatory processes such as core body temperature in humans.
“The circadian clock regulates diurnal variations in autonomic thermoregulatory processes such as core body temperature in humans.”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
During the night, the internal temperature thresholds for sweating and vasodilation are lower than during the day, while differences between morning and afternoon are smaller.
“During the night, the internal temperature thresholds for sweating and vasodilation have been shown to be lower than during the day, while the differences observed between the morning and the afternoon are smaller [1–3,51].”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Additional factors, such as maturation [94,115– 117], altitude/hypoxia [118–120], circadian rhythm [121,122], and menstrual cycle [122–125] have been shown to modify the onset and/or sensitivity of the sudomotor response (see Table 1).”
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“In addition, other factors, such as maturation [181–184], altitude [185–187], circadian rhythm [188, 189], and menstrual cycle [189–192] have been shown to modify the onset and/or sensitivity of the sweating response.”
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“…of the level of core temperature necessary for induction of vasodilation has been demonstrated in humans (Stephenson et al. 1984; Tayefeh et al. 1998), resulting in a circadian rhythm with increased nocturnal peripheral vasodilation and heat loss (Wenger et al. 1976; Smolander et al. 1993).”
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“During both passive and exercise heat stress, sweating commences at a relatively low core temperature at night and in the early morning but only at a relatively high core temperature in the afternoon (Timbal et al., 1975; Wenger et al., 1976; Stephenson et al., 1984; Aoki et al., 1997b).”
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Self-citationA simple and valid method to determine thermoregulatory sweating threshold and sensitivity
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“change between the early morning and evening, also in keeping with earlier reports (2, 3, 21, 22, 27, 28).”
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“Trials were carried out at the same time of day to avoid any e ects of daily variability on performance (Hill et al. 1992) or on body temperature (Wenger et al. 1976).”
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“While it may be contested that circadian rhythm induces a shift in the thermoregulatory set-point (Wenger et al. 1976; Stephenson et al. 1984), prior work has proposed that human heat balance can be attained irrespective of absolute peripheral and internal temperatures (Glaser & Newling, 1957), supporting the present…”
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“There are circadian rhythms in the core temperatures at which increased sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation are initiated (Aoki et al., 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002; Stephenson et al., 1984; Tokura et al., 1979; Torii et al., 1995; Waterhouse & Minors, 1995; Waterhouse et al., 2004; Wenger et al., 1976).”
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- Authors
- Wenger, C. B., Roberts, M. F., Stolwijk, J. A., & Nadel, E. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1976-07-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-19
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1865532832
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sweating threshold, skin blood flow, esophageal temperature, skin temperature, temperature regulation, exercise thermoregulation, circadian variation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Circulation, Body Temperature Regulation, Circadian Rhythm, Physical Exertion, Female, Forearm, Humans, Male, Regional Blood Flow, Skin Temperature, Sweating, Time Factors, Vasomotor System
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