Disposal of blood [1-13c] lactate in humans during rest and exercise
Abstract
Lactate irreversible disposal (RiLa) and oxidation (RoxLa) rates were studied in six male subjects during rest (Re), easy exercise [EE, 140 min of cycling at 50% of maximum O2 consumption (VO2max)] and hard exercise (HE, 65 min at 75% VO2max). Twenty minutes into each condition, subjects received a Na+-L(+)-[1-13C]lactate intravenous bolus injection. Blood was sampled intermittently from the contralateral arm for metabolite levels, acid-base status, and enrichment of 13C in lactate. Expired air was monitored continuously for determination of respiratory parameters, and aliquots were collected for determination of 13C enrichment in CO2. Steady-rate values for O2 consumption (VO2) were 0.33 +/- 0.01, 2.11 +/- 0.03, and 3.10 +/- 0.03 l/min for Re, EE, and HE, respectively. Corresponding values of blood lactate levels were 0.84 +/- 0.01, 1.33 +/- 0.05, and 4.75 +/- 0.28 mM in the three conditions. Blood lactate disposal rates were significantly correlated to VO2 (r = 0.78), averaging 123.4 +/- 20.7, 245.5 +/- 40.3, and 316.2 +/- 53.7 mg X kg-1 X h-1 during Re, EE, and HE, respectively. Lactate oxidation rate was also linearly related to VO2 (r = 0.81), and the percentage of RiLa oxidized increased from 49.3% at rest to 87.0% during exercise. A curvilinear relationship was found between RiLa and blood lactate concentration. It was concluded that, in humans, 1) lactate disposal (turnover) rate is directly related to the metabolic rate, 2) oxidation is the major fate of lactate removal during exercise, and 3) blood lactate concentration is not an accurate indicator of lactate disposal and oxidation.
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Most lactate disposal occurs via oxidation in working skeletal muscle during prolonged endurance exercise, but other tissues such as the brain, liver and kidneys are also involved in lactate turnover.
“Most lactate disposal occurs via oxidation in working skeletal muscle during prolonged endurance exercise, but other tissues such as the brain, liver and kidneys are also involved in lactate turnover [121,122,123].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [121]
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Campbell, E. (2010) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Gluconeogenesis in humans with induced hyperlactatemia during low-intensity exercise
Roef, M. J., de Meer, K., Kalhan, S. C., Straver, H. W., Berger, R., & Reijngoud, D. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00425.2002 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Davis, T. M. E., Bình, T. Q., Thư, L. T. A., et al. (2002) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90377-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hyperlactatemia and Lactic Acidosis
Gómez, H., & Mizock, B. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44942-7.00067-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kelley, K. M., Hamann, J. J., Navarre, C. B., & Gladden, L. B. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01119.2001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“is similar to reported values for lactate oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in whole dogs (19, 34), rats (20), and humans (35, 42).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEffects of L-Lactate and D-Mannitol on γ-Hydroxybutyrate Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics in Rats
Wang, Q., Wang, X., & Morris, M. E. (2008) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.108.022996 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“The clearance of L-lactate in humans at rest has been reported to be 22.7 to 27 ml min 1 kg 1 (Mazzeo et al., 1986; Stanley et al., 1988), which is much lower than that in the rat at rest (180.6 ml min 1 kg 1) (Donovan and Brooks, 1983).”
BackgroundInfluentialBlood lactate disappearance after maximal exercise in trained and detrained horses
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Effect of Endurance Swimming on the Lactate Kinetics of Rainbow Trout
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“Lactate oxidation is increased during exercise [57], whereas lactate partially serves as a substrate for glycogen formation after exercise [58].”
BackgroundThe Metabolic Systems: Anaerobic Metabolism (Glycolytic and Phosphagen)
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Self-citationAge and training effects on the lactate kinetics of master athletes during maximal exercise
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“Combined with the maintenance of this enzymatic activity, the improvement in elimination capacity has been shown to contribute to slowing down the increase and accumulation of lactate (Mazzeo et al. 1986).”
BackgroundSmall neutral molecular carriers for selective carboxylate transport
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Quantification of nutrient fluxes during acute exercise in mice
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Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters ( MCT ) 1 and 4 reduces exercise capacity in mice
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“Since both human (Mazzeo et al., 1986) and mouse (Kitaoka et al., 2016) studies have shown that blood lactate concentration declines rapidly after lactate injection under normal conditions, we evaluated the time- dependent changes in blood lactate concentration during LTT in 4- CIN- administered…”
BackgroundMonocarboxylate transporter and lactate metabolism
Kitaoka, Y., Hoshino, D., & Hatta, H. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine · doi:10.7600/jpfsm.1.247 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mazzeo, R. S., Brooks, G. A., Schoeller, D. A., & Budinger, T. F.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1986-01-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 232-241
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1952016433
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AM-195 77)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- blood lactate, lactate oxidation, physical activity, oxygen consumption, blood lactate concentration, metabolic rate, acid-base status, cycling exercise
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bicarbonates, Blood Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Isotopes, Physical Exertion, Homeostasis, Humans, Lactates, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Respiration, Rest
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